9.2 Maintaining a Balance

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General and background information	Organisms and temperature ranges
Transporting dissolved nutrients and gases	Regulating the concentration of gases, water and waste products

Download a sample Skills Mapping for Maintaining a Balance in pdf

Chemical Eric: Dealing with the Disintegration of Central Control A case study about the Pituitary Gland
http://www.sciencecases.org/chemical_eric/chemical_eric.asp

Biological Regulation Tutorial - from Biology Online
http://www.biology-online.org/tutorials/4_biological_regulation.htm

9.2 Maintaining a Balance (30 indicative hours) - a unit plan developed for this topic by the NSW Science Teachers' Association
http://www.stansw.asn.au/resource/bio922.htm

Adaptation - from University of Missouri St Louis
http://www.umsl.edu/~biology/Bio220/AdapLecture/adapt.html

Osmoregulation - from Francis Marion University, South Carolina
http://www.fmarion.edu/~vertphys/osmoregulation.html

Animated Tutorials - including Tutorial 6.1: Enzyme Catalysis, from Life: The Science of Biology
http://www.thelifewire.com/con_index.htm?99xex

Factors Affecting Enzymes - from Natural Toxins Research Center (NTRC)
http://ntri.tamuk.edu/cell/enzyme2.html

The Role of Enzymes in Biological Reactions - from Natural Toxins Research Center (NTRC)
http://ntri.tamuk.edu/cell/enzyme.html

Characteristics of Enzymes - a cartoon and simple explanation of how enzymes work, from University of Colorado at Boulder
http://www.colorado.edu/epob/academics/web_resources/cartoons/wrenc.html

Why We Need Enzymes - from Novozymes
http://www.novozymes.com/cgi-bin/bvisapi.dll/discover/discover_slides.jsp?pid=8686&id=11153&cid=-8388&id=14038&expand=0&lang=en

Introduction to Enzymes - from Beginning Biochemistry, Worthington Biochemical Corporation
http://www.worthington-biochem.com/introBiochem/introEnzymes.html

Unit 3: Challenge to Survival - see sections on enzymes and homeostasis, from Nelson Thomson Learning
http://www.thomsonlearning.com.au/biology/guide/unit_3/unit111.html?/biology/guide/unit_3/s2.html~maintext

Unit 3, VCE Biology: Area of Study 2 - Surviving under changing conditions. - initially prepared for VCE students by Biochemistry at La Trobe University, mirror of original site can be accessed at
http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/cat/u3aos2p1.html

ANIMAL ORGAN SYSTEMS AND HOMEOSTASIS - good introductory notes from the On-Line Biology Book, Estrella Mountain Community College
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookANIMORGSYS.html

Homeostasis in Multi-celled Organisms - from The University of Connecticut
Homeostasis in Multi-celled Organisms

Animal Homeostasis - from Biology (BSC) Courseware, The University of Southern Mississippi
http://tidepool.st.usm.edu/crswr/111animalhomeostasis.html

Homeostasis - revision material from S-Cool, revision material for GSCE and A levels, UK
http://www.s-cool.co.uk/topic_principles.asp?loc=pr&topic_id=9&subject_id=3&ebt=75&ebn=&ebs=&ebl=&elc=13

Temperature Regulation - from Memorial University of Newfoundland
http://calloso.med.mun.ca/%7Ethoekman/tempreg/tempreg.htm

The Many Dimensions of a Lizard's Ecological Niche - from University of Texas Austin
http://uts.cc.utexas.edu/~varanus/lacertids1.html

Physiology - useful notes on temperature regulation although examples are not Australian, from State University of New York College at Geneseo
http://darwin.bio.geneseo.edu/~sugg/Classes/Ecology/Lectures/Lecture_8.htm

Burramys parvus: Mountain Pygmy Possum - from University of Michigan
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/burramys/b._parvus$narrative.html

Blue-tongued Lizards in New South Wales - a fact sheet from Australian Museum Online
http://www.amonline.net.au/factsheets/blue_tongue_lizard.htm

Adaptations of Australian Animals to Desert Conditions - from Iowa State University
http://www.biology.iastate.edu/BiologyPages/Opportunities/intop/1Australia/Australia%20papers/HollanderANIMAL%20ADAPT

A Land of Lizards - from University of Texas Austin
http://uts.cc.utexas.edu/~varanus/landliz.html

Flowering plant adaptations - with reference to some Northern Territory species from the University of Northern Territory
http://www.ntu.edu.au/faculties/science/sbes/sbi106/sbi106-adaptations.htm#Water loss

Plant Water-use Efficiency - from The Greening Earth Society
http://www.greeningearthsociety.org/Articles/2000/mate.htm

PHYSIOLOGY OF DROUGHT IN STRESSED PLANTS - Horticulture Discussion Group - University of Saskatchewan
http://www.ag.usask.ca/cofa/departments/hort/hortinfo/misc/xeris.html

Pulse Oximetery - Theory - course notes on the topic from the College of Medicine, The University of Florida
http://needle.anest.ufl.edu/anest4/hans/EEL4930/pulseox.htm

Pulse Oximetry - from the University of Oxford - includes Introduction and How does it work?
http://www.nda.ox.ac.uk/wfsa/html/u05/u05_003.htm

Pulse Oximeter - product description from NASA Human Research Facility
http://hrf.jsc.nasa.gov/pulseox.htm

Digital Pulse Oximetry: General Theory of Operation - from SurgiVet Veterinary Surgical Products
http://www.surgivet.com/sac.html

Nonin Onyx Pulse Oximeter - from Aeromedix.com, a company that retails medical equipment
http://www.aeromedix.com/aeromedix/art/pulseox/?_sessid=c9549647d31ff0774fc451451d226a64

Pulse Oximeter - an article from Newsworld Educational Program about the use of pulse oximetry in monitoring the blood gas level of mountaineers
http://cbc.ca/everest2000/education/phase3/theme3oximeter.html

Pulse Oximetry and Its Advances - from Anesthesiology News
http://www.anesthesiologynews.com/specreps/an/sr0001/02report.htm

Principles of Pulse Oximetry Technology: - also History and clinical applications from Oximeter.org
http://www.oximeter.org/pulseox/principles.htm

Practical applications of pulse oximetry - from World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists
http://www.nda.ox.ac.uk/wfsa/html/u11/u1104_01.htm

General Education - from the Australian Red Cross Blood Service, includes Blood Types and What happens to your blood (products from whole blood)
http://www.arcbs.redcross.org.au/displayStatic.asp?pageID=16&NavigationID=23&ParentID=-1

All About Blood - from the American Association of Blood Banks
http://www.aabb.org/All_About_Blood/FAQs/aabb_faqs.htm

Synthetic Blood Substitute - from Synthetic Blood International
http://www.sybd.com/SB.html

How do scientists make artificial blood? How effective is it compared with the real thing? - from Scientific American
http://www.sciam.com/askexpert_question.cfm?articleID=0007ACC0-ACD3-1C71-9EB7809EC588F2D7&catID=3&topicID=12

Artifical Cells and Organs Research Centre - McGill University has many links including the one below
http://www.artcell.mcgill.ca/

Blood Substitutes - from McGill University, Canada
http://www.artcell.mcgill.ca/bloodsub.htm

Blood Substitutes - includes advantages, and major approaches in artifical blood production
http://www.med.unipi.it/patchir/bloodl/bmr/tools/tools10.htm

Maximising Blood Safety for Patients - from the American Red Cross
http://chapters.redcross.org/ca/norcal/donating/max.htm

Blood Substitutes: Recreating the Fluid of Life - from Medical Device & Diagnostic Industry Magazine
http://www.devicelink.com/mddi/archive/00/03/004.html

Blood simple - a New Scientist article outlining the use of a human blood substitute for use in surgery in South Africa
http://www.newscientist.com/dailynews/news.jsp?id=ns9999630

Supporting Tissues - Vascular Tissues from Botany Online - includes Vascular Tissues, The Xylem, The Evolution of Xylem Elements, The Phloem, Vascular Bundles of Monocotyledons, Vascular Bundles of Dicotyledons, Gymnosperm Wood, Angiosperm Wood and The Spatial Arrangement of Vascular Bundles And The Theory of Steles
http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/e06/06.htm

The Excretory System- from Maricopa College
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookEXCRET.html

Kidney Tubule - a cartoon illustrating the function of the kidney with links to Urine Production and Water Conservation, from University of Colorado at Boulder
http://www.colorado.edu/epob/academics/web_resources/cartoons/nephr.html

Urine - from Wikipedia
http://www.rtg.wa.edu.au/solution/probsoln.htm

Excretory/Urinary System - from Univesity of Cincinnati - Clermont College, covers Antidiuretic hormone
http://biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/bio105/kidney.htm

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals - from Prentice Hall - summary of topic
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_freeman_biosci_1/0,6452,500640-,00.html

Kidney structure - Images

Urinary System http://hcd2.bupa.co.uk/images/factsheets/intravenous_pyelogram.gif - BUPA Personal Health Care
Vertical Section http://www.barbarapilgrim.co.uk/Illustrations/images/Kidney_structure.gif - BP Design Services
Labelled Section http://137.222.110.150/calnet/pot315/image/int%20structure%20of%20kidney-rabbit.jpg
Nephron http://asb.aecom.yu.edu/histology/labs/images/labphotos/lab_urinary_image002.gif

The balancing act - from Life and Adaptation to Water, SA Museum
http://www.samuseum.sa.gov.au/water/tessalt1.htm

The Kidney - comparison on kidneys from a range of organisms, from Life and Adaptation to Water, SA Museum
http://www.samuseum.sa.gov.au/water/tessalt2.htm

Vertebrate Kidneys - J. Kimball's Pages - excellent Notes and diagrams - comparative anatomy
http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/V/VertebrateKidneys.html

What Kids Need to Know about Kidneys - from Kids' Health - printable versions
http://kidshealth.org/PageManager.jsp?dn=KidsHealth&lic=1&ps=307&cat_id=46&article_set=10658

Your Kidneys and How They Work - from National Institute of Health
http://kidney.niddk.nih.gov/kudiseases/pubs/yourkidneys/

The Kidney - from John Kimball's Biology Pages
http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/K/Kidney.html

Kidney Disease and Dialysis

Kidney Stones - Notes and diagram
http://groups.msn.com/CrohnsDiseaseintheUK/kidneystones.msnw

Renal Disease Education from the Virtual Hospital - good background information on dialysis, what dialysis is and how it is performed
http://www.vh.org/Patients/IHB/IntMed/Nephro/RenalEducation.html

Dialysis Notes for Patients - from The National Kidney Foundation
http://www.kidney.org.au/?section=2&subsection=9

Living Day-to-Day with Kidney Dialysis - from US Food and Drug Administration
http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/1998/198_dial.html

Dialysis - from John Kimball's Biology Pages
http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/M/Mixtures.html#dialysis

Figure 5 - diagrammatic representation of dialysis from Bioengineering Center of Wayne State University
http://ttb.eng.wayne.edu/~grimm/ME518/L8F5.html

Maintaining the Body's Chemistry: Dialysis in the Kidneys - including artificial dialysis, from Washington University
http://wunmr.wustl.edu/EduDev/LabTutorials/Dialysis/Kidneys.html

Dialysis - from The Shodor Foundation
http://www.shodor.org/master/biomed/physio/dialysis/

Osmoregulation and Excretion - answers to questions such as How do animals regulate their water intake in different environments? How does the mammalian kidney produce urine? from Saint Michael's College, Colchester
http://academics.smcvt.edu/dfacey/animalphysiology/osmoregulation/answers.htm

Osmotic Regulation in Fresh and Salt Water - diagram from Marietta College
http://www.marietta.edu/~mcshaffd/aquatic/sextant/chemfish.gif

Nitrogen Excretion and Osmotic Regulation - from Marietta College
http://www.marietta.edu/~mcshaffd/aquatic/sextant/excrete.htm

Aldosterone - from Med Help International
http://www.medhelp.org/glossary/new/gls_0199.htm

aldosterone - from the Columbia Encyclopedia
http://www.bartleby.com/65/al/aldoster.html

What does the Neurohypophysis do? - from Endocrine Surgeon Website
-http://www.endocrinesurgeon.co.uk/pituitary/pituitary1-7.html

Antidiuretic Hormone (Vasopressin) from Colorado State University
http://arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/hypopit/adh.html

Vasopressin and Water Channels - from the Department of Physiology, King's College London
http://www.umds.ac.uk/physiology/boyce/waterchannels.html

Living Health - exhibition from the South Australian Museum (Life and Adaptations to Water)
- needs Quicktime Player select desert or desert refuge. Also Desert Supplementary information contains notes only.
http://www.samuseum.sa.gov.au/water/riteframe.htm

Macropus robustus: Euro, Wallaroo - from University of Michigan, brief information on adaptation to dry conditions
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/macropus/m._robustus.html#economics_positive

compare the waste products of a range of terrestrial and aquatic organisms and explain why these differences occur - from HSC Online (Charles Sturt University)
http://hsc.csu.edu.au/biology/core/balance/9_2_3/923net.html#net7

FAWN HOPPING-MOUSE: Notomys cervinus - a Fact Sheet in pdf from Parks and Wildlife Comimssion, Northern Territory
http://www.ipe.nt.gov.au/news/2002/10/threatened/Mammals/fawn_hopping_mouse_en.pdf

Desert - from Life and Adaptation to Water, SA Museum Online, includes Eyrean grasswren Amytornis goyderi and Spinifex hopping-mouse Notomys alexis select from pull-down menu
http://www.samuseum.sa.gov.au/water/tesdes1.htm

Mangrove and Saltmarsh:An excursion to Towra Point in Botany Bay - from School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney
http://bugs.bio.usyd.edu.au/Mangroves/html/home1.html

Dialysis Demonstration and Urinalysis - from Austin Peay State University
http://www.apsu.edu/schillerj/Biology%202020/LB_GID11.htm

Formula for synthetic urine - from REGIONAL TECHNICIANS GROUP, scroll to bottom of web page
http://www.rtg.wa.edu.au/solution/probsoln.htm

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