9.6 Biotechnology

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General and background information	Origins of biotechnology
Common biotechnology practices	Fermentation
Cell chemistry	Recombinant DNA technology
Applications and areas of research	Ethical issues

Biotechnology Online - resources from Biotechnology Australia Federal Goverment Initiative
http://www.biotechnology.gov.au/biotechnologyOnline/
also at
http://www.industry.gov.au/biotechnologyonline/

Beginners Guide to Biotechnology - PowerPoint slideshow in pdf format, from Biotechnology Australia Federal Goverment Initiative, click on About biotechnology, then An Overview, then Beginners Guide to Biotechnology
http://www.biotechnology.gov.au/

Biotechnology Fact Sheets - from Biotechnology Australia, click on Information and Education, then Fact Sheets
http://www.biotechnology.gov.au/

Biotechnology Games - interactive activities from Biotechnology Australia, click on Information and Education, then Games
http://www.biotechnology.gov.au/

Ausbiotech Backgrounders - from Australian Biotechnology Association - .pdf files
http://www.ausbiotech.org/backgrounders.asp

About BioTech - from Access Excellence, includes Issues and Ethics, BioTech Applied and more
http://www.accessexcellence.org/AB/

Beginning and development of agriculture - from Agropolis-Museum
http://museum.agropolis.fr/english/pages/expos/fresque/module_4.htm

Geographical areas for early agriculture - Map, from Agropolis-Museum
http://museum.agropolis.fr/english/pages/expos/fresque/carte_agriculture.htm

Biotech Chronicles - from Access Excellence
http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/AB/BC/

A Brief History of Agriculture - from University of Illinois College of A.C.E.S.
http://www.aces.uiuc.edu/~sare/history.html

The origins of agriculture - a biological perspective and a new hypothesis - an article published in Australian Biologist - .pdf version
http://www.acnem.org/journal/pdf_files/19-1_origins_of_agriculture.pdf

Reconstruction of Prehistoric Farming - from University of Leicester
http://www.le.ac.uk/archaeology/rug/AR210/TransitionsToFarming/Introduction.html

Ancient Food News - from a food web site
http://www.soupsong.com/ioldnew.html

Food Time Line
http://www.foodtimeline.org/

Location, Location, Location: The First Farmers - from University of Nebraska-Lincoln
http://www.unl.edu/rhames/courses/orig_agri_tur.html

The Agricultural Revolution - from Washington State University
http://www.wsu.edu/gened/learn-modules/top_agrev/agrev-index.html

Origins of Agriculture - from Southern Illinois University
http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/Nickrent.Lecs/Agriculture.html

What is a Dingo?
http://www.dingoconservation.org/origin.html

People - from the Murray-Darling Tour, Murray-Darling Basin Commission web site
http://www.mdbc.gov.au/tour/people.htm

Aboriginal Sites on Private Property -.pdf leafler from Victorian Government has omage of stone circle at Lake Condah
http://www.dvc.vic.gov.au/AAV/heritage/mini-posters/11PrivateProperty.pdf

Lake Condah Historic artefacts relating to the land's association with the Kerrup-jmara people - an article in the Sydney Morning Herald Travel Guide
http://walkabout.fairfax.com.au/smh/locations/VICLakeCondah.shtml

Preamble - from the Aboriginal Housing Board of Victoria
http://home.vicnet.net.au/~ahbv/policy/preamble.htm

Lomandra longifolia - a plant used by the Australian Aborigines to make eel traps, from Education Service at the Australian National Botanic Gardens
http://www.anbg.gov.au/aborig.s.e.aust/lomandra-longifolia.html

INTRODUCTION TO AQUACULTURE - part of WATER HARVESTING AND AQUACULTURE FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT from International Center for Aquaculture and Aquatic Environments, Auburn University, USA
http://www.dec.ctu.edu.vn/cdrom/cd2/projects/univ_auburn/intraqua.html

An Introduction to Water Chemistry in Freshwater Aquaculture - from University of Massachusetts, .pdf file
http://aquanic.org/publicat/usda_rac/efs/nrac/nrac170.pdf

Basic Information on aquaculture - from Aquanic
http://aquanic.org/map/begin.htm

Educator's Page - from Aquanic
http://aquanic.org/educator/educator.htm

Early plant domestication in Mesoamerica - from Athena Review
http://www.athenapub.com/nwdom1.htm

Plant and Animal Domestication - PowerPoint Slideshow
- from University of Wisconsin,Green Bay
http://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/EnvSC102Notes/Plant%20and%20Animal%20Domestication.ppt

The First Farmers: Domestication dominates! - from The Why Files, The Science Behind the News, University of Wisconsin
http://whyfiles.org/122ancient_ag/

Paleo-ethno-botany - from Simon Fraser University, Canada
http://www.sfu.ca/archaeology/museum/peb/plethbot.html

Wallaby grass - a domesticated native grass - an Agfact sheet from NSW Department of Agriculture
http://www.agric.nsw.gov.au/reader/2236

The Maize Page - from Iowa State University, including and article on the history of maize
http://maize.agron.iastate.edu/

Origin of Maize - from the Central Laboratory of Natural Resources, University of Michigan
http://farma.qfb.umich.mx/orimaize.htm

Field Guide to Fast Plants - Wisconsin Fast Plants are a variety of Brassica bred for research purposes
http://fastplants.cals.wisc.edu/guide/makefp.html

Strawberry Improvement: Past and Future - from the National Agriculture Library
http://www.nalusda.gov/pgdic/Strawberry/

Tomato History - from Landscape Imagery
http://www.landscapeimagery.com/tomato.html

origin of Tomatoes - from The Old Vegetable Patch
http://members.optusnet.com.au/~greenpaddocks/tomato.htm

Collecting native seed - guidelines for collection of native species in Western Australia, from Agriculture, WA. Search for "Collecting native seed".
http://agspsrv34.agric.wa.gov.au/agency/pubns/farmnote/1992/F04492.htm

Case Study: Brassica

Brassica - lists the many cultivated varieties of Brassica from Botany.com
http://www.botany.com/brassica.html

The History of Cabbage - from University of Saskatchewan
http://gardenline.usask.ca/veg/cabbage.html

Images of the Brassicaceae - from Digital Flora of Texas, Texas A&M University
http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/imaxxbra.htm

BRASSICA VEGETABLES - a lesson plan on the domestication of these plants from Ohio State University
http://www.hcs.ohio-state.edu/hort/biology/Lab/brasveglab.html

Brassica - from Wikipedia, includes different species within the genus, and the groups within the species
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brassica

Brassica Family - from Thompson and Morgan Seeds, with images of Brassic species and cultivars
http://seeds.thompson-morgan.com/us/en/list/brassicas?ER=overus;term=brassica

Images of Brassica cultivars - from University of Ohio
http://oak.cats.ohiou.edu/~ballardh/pbio475/Adaptation/Brassica.JPG

HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES OF ANIMAL DOMESTICATION - from University of Vermont
http://asci.uvm.edu/course/asci001/domestic.html

The Animal Attraction - from ABC TV, program transcripts and related fact sheets on The Pact for Survival: How wolves became dogs and The Animals that conquered the world: Cats, horses, cattle, sheep and pigs - who civilised who?
http://abc.net.au/animals/

Map of early centres - from Agropolis Museum
http://museum.agropolis.fr/english/pages/expos/fresque/carte_domestication.htm

Domesticating Animals - from University of Houston
http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi1499.htm

Animal Domestication - from University of Uppsala
http://www.egs.uu.se/evbiol/Research/Domestication.html

NEOLITHIC AGRICULTURE: Reading the Signs of Ancient Animal Domestication - an article published in Science http://cas.bellarmine.edu/tietjen/images/neolithic_agriculture%28ReadingSignsOfAnimalDomestication%29.htm

Fermentation in History includes student and teacher guides, from Chemical Heritage Foundation
http://www.chemheritage.org/EducationalServices/pharm/antibiot/readings/ferment.htm

Lab Activity: Fermentation by Yeast - from Chemical Heritage Foundation
http://www.chemheritage.org/EducationalServices/pharm/antibiot/activity/yeast.htm

Drugs From Fungi - from The University of Sydney
http://bugs.bio.usyd.edu.au/Mycology/UsesOf_Fungi/industrialProduction/fungalDrugs.shtml

History of antibiotics - from Princeton University
http://www.molbio.princeton.edu/courses/mb427/2001/projects/02/antibiotics.htm

Bread manufacture

The Science of Yeast - free text only version of booklet with facts and experiments, from Red Star Yeast
http://www.lesaffreyeastcorp.com/SoY/index.html

The Yeast Treatise
http://www.theartisan.net/yeast_treatise_frameset.htm

Making a sourdough starter - from Make It and Bake It
http://www.makeitandbakeit.com.au/sourdough.htm#Making%20a%20sourdough%20starter%20(without%20Yeast)

Sourdough bread - from Red Star Yeast
http://www.redstaryeast.com/r_wwsourdough.html

Yeast Experiments - from GENE, Kansas State University
http://www.phys.ksu.edu/gene/chapters.html

The Science of Yeast - from Fleischmann's Yeast
http://www.breadworld.com/sciencehistory/science.asp

Alcohol production

Historical Brewing Library
http://www.homestead.com/sca_brew/files/library.html

Alcohol in Traditional Europe - from University of Adelaide
http://www.arts.adelaide.edu.au/centrefooddrink/articles/howmuchdrink.html

Wine Yeast Profiles - from Brewsupplies.com
http://www.brewsupplies.com/wine_yeast_profiles.htm

Recreating Medieval English Ales - from Carnegie Mellon University
http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~pwp/tofi/medieval_english_ale.html

Yoghurt and cheese manufacture

Yogurt from Dairy Science and Technology at the University of Guelph
http://www.foodsci.uoguelph.ca/dairyedu/yogurt.html

Lab work - effect of penicillin on yoghurt bacteria, pdf file from University of Reading
http://www.ncbe.reading.ac.uk/NCBE/PROTOCOLS/PRACBIOTECH/PDF/yogant.pdf

Cheese - from Dairy Science and Technology at the University of Guelph
http://www.foodsci.uoguelph.ca/dairyedu/cheese.html

Kinds of Cheese - from the LearningNetwork
http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/society/A0857262.html

Milk and Its Constituents - includes Yoghurt and Cheese, from Foods Under the Microscope
http://distans.livstek.lth.se:2080/microscopy/f-milk.htm

The Basics of Making Cheese - from the Scottish Dairy Association. See also chapter of Cheesemaking in Scotland - An Early History which includes Roman Cheesemaking
http://www.efr.hw.ac.uk/SDA/cheese2.html

Chymosin for cheese-making - from the University of Reading
http://www.ncbe.reading.ac.uk/NCBE/GMFOOD/chymosin.html

Others

Food Microbiology - 5 page .pdf document
http://dustman.net/wendy/mibo3500/mibo3500ch41.pdf

Good Microorganisms and Food - from Canadian Bacterial Diseases Network - includes section on probiotics
http://www.cbdn.ca/english/discover/goodfood.html

Role of microorganisms in Kimchi Fermentation - from University of Nebraska-Lincoln
http://dwb.unl.edu/Teacher/NSF/C11/C11Links/kimchi.kfri.re.kr/2-1-5.htm

The Story of Soy Sauce - from Kikkoman
http://www.kikkoman.com.au/food_services.asp

Making Sauerkraut - from Wild Fermentation
http://www.wildfermentation.com/makingsauerkraut.htm

Fermented dill pickles and sauerkraut - from Ohio State University
http://ohioline.osu.edu/hyg-fact/5000/5342.html

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Fermentation

Production of Vinegar - A Case Study in Fermentation

Fermentation Technology - links to an overview of the fermentation process and bioreactors, from NgeeAnn, The Polytechnic of Industry, Singapore
http://www.np.edu.sg/~dept-bio/biochemical_engineering/fermentation_tutorial/fermentation_technology.htm

Alcoholic Fermentation: Pathways - from Cornell University, includes history of yeast and fermentation
http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/fst/faculty/acree/fs430/lectures/thk29ferment.html

How Food Preservation Works: Fermentation - from How Stuff Works
http://www.howstuffworks.com/food-preservation7.htm

Vinegar - a summary
http://www.harvestfields.ca/CookBooks/Vin/vinegar.htm

Special feature: Wine and vinegar making - from the Virtual Museum of Bacteria
http://www.bacteriamuseum.org/niches/features/winevinegar.shtml

Gluconobacter oxydans - from Microbe of the Week, University of Missouri - Rolla
http://www.umr.edu/~microbio/BIO221_2000/Gluconobacter_oxydans.html

Acetobacter
http://biology.kenyon.edu/Microbial_Biorealm/bacteria/proteobacteria/Acetobacter/Acetobacter.htm

Balsamic Vinegar
http://www.italiansrus.com/articles/balsamic.htm

Balsamic vinegar, organic - fact sheet as .pdf
http://www.spectrumingredients.com/pdf/vinegar/Balsamic%20Org%202.02.pdf

A NOTE ON CIDER VINEGAR
http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/andrew_lea/vinegar.htm

Pasteur and fermentation

The Life and Times of Louis Pasteur - A Lecture by David V. Cohn School of Dentistry, University of Louisville. Scroll down to Alcoholic fermentation
http://www.louisville.edu/library/ekstrom/special/pasteur/cohn.html

Other products of fermentation

Products Produced by Fermentation - from Access Excellence
http://www.accessexcellence.org/LC/SS/ferm_tables.html

Glycerol Production by fermentation - abstract of research article
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=14538083&dopt=Abstract

Production of Citric Acid from Waste Bread - .pdf document
http://www.ansinet.org/fulltext/jbs/jbs14182-183.pdf

Lactic acid bacteria - their uses in food - from EUFIC
http://www.eufic.org/gb/food/pag/food18/food184.htm

Background information on Lactic acid bacteria - from Lactospore, a commercial site
http://www.lactospore.com/back.htm

Role of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) in Food Preservation and Human Health – A Review - from University of Arid Agriculture, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
http://www.pjbs.org/pjnonline/fin14.pdf

Identification of Bacteria - lecture summary
http://www.mansfield.ohio-state.edu/~sabedon/biol3010.htm

Laboratory Protocol: Measurement and enumeration of bacterial cells - includes serial dilution, from University of Arizona
http://microvet.arizona.edu/Courses/MIC328/experiment1.html

Bacteriology for the molecular biologist - from College of Charleston
http://www.cofc.edu/~delliss/virtuallabbook/PreLabReadings/Ex2.html

The History of Penicillin - from About
http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blpenicillin.htm

Microbiology's Moment, 1945-1955 - The Spath Dissertation for submission for PhD
http://home.earthlink.net/~susanspath/ch4.htm

Natural Plant Chemicals: Sources of Industrial and Medicinal Materials - includes information about biotransformations
http://www.ciesin.columbia.edu/docs/002-266/002-266.html

Central Dogma Directory - from MIT Biology Hypertextbook
http://web.mit.edu/esgbio/www/dogma/dogmadir.html

From Gene to Protein: Translation (Protein Synthesis) - excellent Biocoach Activity, from The Biology Place, Pearson Education
http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/translation/intro.html

DNA, RNA, Protein synthesis: The Revolution in Biology - from University of Arizona
http://www.blc.arizona.edu/INTERACTIVE/DNA3/genes2.html

Transcription/Translation - good diagram from University of Virginia
http://www.people.virginia.edu/~rjh9u/trtrpict.html

Translation - from Brooklyn College, includes messenger RNA, polypeptide chains
http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/translfr.htm

A Qualitative Enzyme Study Using Simple Equipment - from Princeton University through the Association for Biology Laboratory Education
http://www.zoo.utoronto.ca/able/volumes/vol-12/6-nichol/6-nichol.htm

Enzyme Investigations for Introductory courses - uses data provided from Shippensburg University through the Association for Biology Laboratory Education
http://www.zoo.utoronto.ca/able/volumes/vol-13/6-pitkin/6-pitkin.htm

THE ACTION OF AMYLASE ON STARCH - a practical exercise, from Biotopics, UK
http://www.biotopics.co.uk/nutrition/amylex.html

The Tools of Genetic Engineering - from the DNA Revolution, Rutgers University
http://mbclserver.rutgers.edu/~sofer/1999DNARevolution/Class12-2.html

Recombinant DNA Technology Problem Set - from the Biology Project, The University of Arizona
http://www.biology.arizona.edu/molecular_bio/problem_sets/Recombinant_DNA_Technology/recombinant_dna.html

Recombinant DNA Chapter Directory - from the Hypertextbook
http://web.mit.edu/esgbio/www/rdna/rdnadir.html

Recombinant DNA and Gene Cloning - from The Biology Pages, John Kimball
http://www.ultranet.com/~jkimball/BiologyPages/R/RecombinantDNA.html

Recombinant DNA Flow Chart - from Kimball's Biology pages
http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/M/Making_rDNA.gif

The Details:Techniques: Recombinant DNA - from ThinkQuest
http://library.thinkquest.org/24355/data/light/details/techniques/recombinantdna.html

The Recombinant DNA Debate - from North Dakota State University
http://www.ndsu.nodak.edu/instruct/mcclean/plsc431/debate/debate1.htm

The cell factory, yeast division - an article in RTD Info magazine
http://europa.eu.int/comm/research/rtdinf22/en/biotech.html

Speaking the Language of Recombinant DNA - from Access Excellence
http://www.accessexcellence.com/AB/IE/Speaking_Language_rDNA.html

Transgenic Technology - from Charles Sturt University
http://www.csu.edu.au/learning/ncgr/gpi/odyssey/dolly-cloning/nuclear_transfer.html

Mechanism of Reverse Transcription
http://www.web-books.com/MoBio/Free/Ch4J1.htm

Polymerase Chain Reaction - Xeroxing DNA - from Access Excellence
http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/AB/IE/PCR_Xeroxing_DNA.html

Gene Splicing - from the Gene School at ThinkQuest
http://library.thinkquest.org/19037/therapy2.html

Simulation of Gene Splicing - from Access Excellence
http://www.accessexcellence.com/AE/AEPC/WWC/1994/simulation_gene_splicing.html

Gene Splicing Interactive - from Biotechnology Australian Online - requires Macromedia Flash 5
http://www.industry.gov.au/biotechnologyonline/popups/int_splicing.cfm

Applications - from the Gene School at ThinkQuest, includes Gene Therapy, Cloning, Forensics and more
http://library.thinkquest.org/19037/applications.html

Biology meets industry – genomics, proteomics, phenomics - from NOVA, Australian Academy of Science
http://www.science.org.au/nova/078/078key.htm

DNA Profiling Interactive - from Biotechnology Australian Online - requires Macromedia Flash 5
http://www.industry.gov.au/biotechnologyonline/popups/int_dnaprofiling.cfm

Extracting DNA in your kitchen - from Biotechnology Online
http://www.industry.gov.au/biotechnologyonline/pdf/biotech/extracting_dna_in_your_kitchen.pdf

Crime Gene Investigation - from The Why Files, Science Behind the News, University of Wisconsin
http://whyfiles.org/126dna_forensic/

What Every Law Enforcement Officer Should Know About DNA Evidence - from the National Criminal Justice Reference Service
http://www.ncjrs.org/nij/DNAbro/intro.html

DNA Forensics Problem Set 1 - from The Biology Project, University of Arizona
http://www.biology.arizona.edu/human_bio/problem_sets/DNA_forensics_1/DNA_forensics.html
also available at the Australian mirror site hosted by UniServe Science
http://science.uniserve.edu.au/mirror/biolproject/human_bio/problem_sets/DNA_forensics_1/DNA_forensics.html

DNA Forensics Problem Set 2 - from The Biology Project, University of Arizona
http://www.biology.arizona.edu/human_bio/problem_sets/DNA_forensics_2/DNA_forensics.html
also available at the Australian mirror site hosted by UniServe Science
http://science.uniserve.edu.au/mirror/biolproject/human_bio/problem_sets/DNA_forensics_2/DNA_forensics.html

Problem-Based Learning at the University of Delaware - see activities "Case Study Problem in Molecular Evolution" and "Whose Embryo Is It, Anyway?"
http://www.udel.edu/pbl/problems/

The Mystery Spot - at Access Excellence, see activities "Who Done It?" and "Where's the CAT? A DNA Profiling Activity"
http://www.accessexcellence.org/AE/mspot/

DNA as a forensic instrument - from University of Columbia
http://www.columbia.edu/cu/21stC/issue-1.3/dna-forensic.html

The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence - from National Academies Press
http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/DNA/

Basics of DNA Fingerprinting - from University of Washington
http://protist.biology.washington.edu/fingerprint/dnaIntro.html

DNA Forensics: Paternity - University of Virginia
http://www.people.virginia.edu/~rjh9u/forenspt.html

DNA Forensics: Crime - from University of Virginia
http://www.people.virginia.edu/~rjh9u/forenscr.html

Mitochondrial DNA Analysis at the FBI Laboratory - an article published in Forensic Science Communications
http://www.fbi.gov/hq/lab/fsc/backissu/july1999/dnalist.htm

THE ULTIMATE CLUE, MY DEAR WATSON: DNA FINGERPRINTING - DNA Fingerprinting Activity, from WNet Educational Initiatives
http://www.thirteen.org/edonline/nttidb/lessons/cb/dnacb.html

DNA Fingerprinting in Human Health and Society - .pdf from Iowa State
http://www.extension.iastate.edu/Publications/NCR550.pdf

How DNA Evidence Works - from How Stuff Works
http://www.howstuffworks.com/dna-evidence.htm

Mungo Man - from the Lab, ABC Science Online, DNA being used to determine the lineage of Mungo Man
http://www.abc.net.au/science/slab/mungoman/default.htm

About Tissue Engineering - from Pittsburg Tissue Engineering Initiative
http://www.ptei.org/tissueintroduction.asp

Tissue engineering - from Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tissue_engineering

Tissue Engineering - summary of research in the area of Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering from the Whitaker Group
http://www.whitaker.org/95_annual_report/tissue95.html

What is Tissue Engineering - from FibroGen
http://www.fibrogen.com/tissue/

Advances in the skin trade - an article in mechanical engineering magazine on-line
http://www.memagazine.org/backissues/february99/features/skin/skin.html

Artificial Skin - from Thomson Gale
http://www.gale-edit.com/products/volumes/skin.htm

Tissue engineered skin - press story
http://www.spectrum.ieee.org/WEBONLY/publicfeature/dec02/skin.html

Flu Vaccines - from My DNA
http://www.mydna.com/health/flu/prevent/keyvaccine.html

Edible Vaccines - from US National Agricultural Library
http://www.nal.usda.gov/pgdic/Probe/v5n1/lead.html

Gene Guns - undergraduate assignment from Montana State University
http://hordeum.msu.montana.edu/Bio102/Transformation/plants/Gene%20Guns.htm`

Gene Gun Speeds Search for New Orchid Colors - from Access Excellence
http://www.accessexcellence.com/AB/BA/Gene_Gun_Orchid_Color.html

Gene Therapy - from Human Genome Project
http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/medicine/genetherapy.shtml

Gene Therapy - An Overview - from Access Excellence
http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/AB/BA/Gene_Therapy_Overview.html

Gene Therapy - The Future Is Here! - from MedicineNet
http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/Art.asp?li=MNI&ArticleKey=12662&page=1

Gene Therapy - from Biotechnology Australia, Human Uses
http://www.industry.gov.au/biotechnologyonline/human/humanuses.cfm

Gene Therapy - from Biotechnology Australia, Uses
http://www.industry.gov.au/biotechnologyonline/human/gtuses.cfm

Recombinant DNA Technology in the Synthesis of Human Insulin
http://www.littletree.com.au/dna.htm

Transfer and Cloning of the Insulin Gene - from Access Excellence
http://www.accessexcellence.com/AB/GG/transfer_and.html

Monoclonal Antibody Technology - The Basics - from Access Excellence
http://www.accessexcellence.com/AB/IE/Monoclonal_Antibody.html

Antibodies and therapy - from Oxford University
http://users.path.ox.ac.uk/~scobbold/tig/new1/mabth.html

Should we clone extinct species? - from Biotechnology Online
http://www.industry.gov.au/biotechnologyonline/pdf/enviro/should_we_clone_extinct_species.pdf

Resurrecting extinct species - from Biotechnology Online
http://www.industry.gov.au/biotechnologyonline/enviro/extinct.cfm

Cloning and Conservation
http://www.zoo.org.au/conservation/news_nov99_directors_discourse.htm

CLONING: Bringing Back Endangered Species - from Applied Genetics News
http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0DED/is_3_21/ai_66520544

Is It Possible to Clone Extinct Species? - a web-based activity from Biopoint
http://www.biopoint.com/gvsu/cloningextinctspecies.html

In South Africa, the Quagga Project Breeds Success - from Genome News Network
http://www.genomenewsnetwork.org/articles/10_00/Quagga_project.shtml

Endangered wild sheep clone reported to be healthy - from Genome News Network
http://www.genomenewsnetwork.org/articles/10_01/cloned_sheep.shtml

Australia's Thylacine: To Clone or Not to Clone? - from Australian Museum
http://www.amonline.net.au/thylacine/

Thylacine clone too hard, say critics - from ABC News
http://www.abc.net.au/science/news/stories/s1304301.htm

Museum ditches thylacine cloning project - from ABC News
http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200502/s1303501.htm

Should we clone the thylacine? download this student activity in pdf from Biotechnology Australia
http://www.unisanet.unisa.edu.au/Resources/SMS/BiotechnologyOnlineCD/PDF/enviro/WS_2.3.3.1.pdf

The Bilby: A case study - from Biotehnology Online
http://www.industry.gov.au/biotechnologyonline/enviro/bilby.cfm

Accompanying Student Activity

Saving the Bilby: Why Bother? - download this student activity in pdf from Biotechnology Australia
http://www.industry.gov.au/biotechnologyonline/pdf/enviro/why_bother_saving_bilby.pdf

CSIRO

Aquaculture - Information Sheet
Information Sheet

Aquaculture in Australia
http://www.marine.csiro.au/LeafletsFolder/05aquainaust.html

Mapping the future of aquaculture
http://www.marine.csiro.au/LeafletsFolder/36aquamap.html

Genetics and Reproduction
http://www.marine.csiro.au/LeafletsFolder/05genandrep.html

Aquaculture Home page - from NSW Fisheries
http://www.fisheries.nsw.gov.au/aquaculture

Aquaculture - from Primary Industries and Resources, South Australia, pdf leaflets and diagrams of life cycles of marine species e.g. abalone, mussels, tuna and more
http://www.pir.sa.gov.au/dhtml/ss/section.php?sectID=118&tempID=16

Aquaculture Questions and Answers - scroll down page to find links, from the Bureau of Rural Science
Aquaculture Questions

Aquaculture and Pearling - from Fisheries Western Australia, includes Barramundi, Yabbies, Prawns, Marron, Trochus, Abalone and several fish species. Links to fact sheets from Department of Fisheries
http://www.wa.gov.au/westfish/aqua/

Seahorse Australia Pty Ltd
http://www.seahorse-australia.com.au/

Alginate - from Danisco
http://www.danisco.com/cms/connect/corporate/products%20and%20services/product%20range/hydrocolloids/alginate/alginate_en.htm

A guide to the Seaweed Industry - from FAO - pdf booklet
Guide

Economic Uses of Algae - from Smithsonian Institute
http://www.nmnh.si.edu/botany/projects/algae/Alg-Econ.htm

Modern Uses of Cultivated Algae - Ethnobotanical Leaflets
http://www.siu.edu/~ebl/leaflets/algae.htm

Uses of Seaweeds - from the Seaweed Site, National University of Ireland
http://www.seaweed.ie/SeaweedUsesGeneral/SeaweedUses.html

Alginates - from National University of Ireland Galway
http://seaweed.ucg.ie/seaweedusesgeneral/Alginates.html

Scientists discover "pond scum" yields potent compounds - from Oregon State University News
http://www.orst.edu/dept/ncs/newsarch/2000/Dec00/pondscum.htm

Growing Spirulina algae
http://www.spirulinasource.com/earthfoodch6c.html

Issues - from Biotechnology Australia, includes Medicine and other human applications, Conservation and resurrection of endangered or extinct species, GM crops and food and Regulation of research, release and sale of GM products and includes downloadable student activities
http://www.industry.gov.au/biotechnologyonline/biotec/ethics.cfm

The value of technology in providing greater choice - from Biotechnology Online
http://www.industry.gov.au/biotechnologyonline/human/freedom.cfm

A Framework For Ethical Decision Making - from Ethics Connection, Santa Clara University - provides a series of questions to guide decision making http://www.scu.edu/ethics/practicing/decision/framework.html

Genetic Testing and Genetic Screening - from National Reference Center for Bioethics Literature
http://www.georgetown.edu/research/nrcbl/publications/scopenotes/sn22.htm

Ethical Legal and Social issues - Societal Concerns Arising from the New Genetics - from Human Genome Project
http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/elsi/elsi.shtml

Cloning Around with Stem Cells - from the Lab, ABC Science Online
http://abc.net.au/science/slab/stemcells/default.htm

Stem Cells: A Primer - from National Institute of Health
http://www.travisroyfoundation.org/pages/PDF/NIH-stemcells.pdf

Adult stem cell research provides ethical genetic therapy - transcript of an interview with David Prentice, Indiana University School of Medicine
http://newsweekly.com.au/articles/2001jul28_stemcells.html

The Why Files Guide to Stem Cells - Science Behind the News, University of Wisconsin
http://whyfiles.org/127stem_cell/

Human embryos & cloning - from the National Health and Medical Research Council
http://www.nhmrc.gov.au/embryos/index.htm

Genetically Modified Foods and Organisms - from Human Genome Project
http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/elsi/gmfood.shtml

Nuffield Council on Bioethics
http://www.nuffieldbioethics.org/

Benefits and Risk of Genetically Modified Foods - Student article from Duke University
http://www.markets.duke.edu/student_it/mms190_fall2001_speakers/11-14-01-article.html#top

Winning the food race - from Info For Health Web Site
http://www.infoforhealth.org/pr/m13edsum.shtml

The World's Food Supply at Risk - provides an alternate view to the use of biotechnologically enhanced plants
http://www.uga.edu/~ebl/sslp/risk.html

INDIAN AGRICULTURE AT THE CROSSROADS - from Centre for Indian Knowledge Systems supporting the use of established agriculture http://www.ciks.org/biodiversity.html

Seeds of the world - from Journey to Forever, provides an alternate view to the use of biotechnologically enhanced plants
http://journeytoforever.org/seeds.html

The mammal copiers - advances in cloning - from NOVA, The Australian Academy of Science
http://www.science.org.au/nova/043/043key.htm

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