9.5 Communication

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Responding to a stimulus	The eye and visual communication
Formation, detection and use of sound in communication	Other forms of communication
The role of the nervous system in communication	Practical activities

Psychophysics of Real and Virtual Auditory Space - webcast of presentation by Assoc Prof Simon Carlile at the 2005 International Science School, The University of Sydney, available for modem or broadband
http://www.physics.usyd.edu.au/foundation/index_iss.html

Seeing, Hearing and Smelling the World - a report from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute
http://www.hhmi.org/senses/start.htm

Neuroscience for Kids from Eric H. Chudler, University of Washington
http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/neurok.html
includes Amazing Animal Senses
and Brain Facts and Figures

Insects amazing sense of smell from Bente Haarstad, Norwegian University of Science and Technology
http://www.ntnu.no/gemini/1998-01E/30.html

How We See: The First Steps of Human Vision Resources from Access Excellence
http://www.accessexcellence.org/AE/AEC/CC/vision_resources.html

How We See: The First Steps of Human Vision Activities from Access Excellence
http://www.accessexcellence.org/AE/AEC/CC/vision_activities.html

The Joy of Visual Perception - an on-line textbook includes Visual Acuity, Visual Sensitivity and Retina, Receptors from York University, Canada
http://www.yorku.ca/eye/toc.htm

Master Diagram of the Eye - an interactive diagram with links to glossary and diagrams from York University
http://www.yorku.ca/research/vision/eye/eye1.htm

Eye-Web includes information on and images of cataracts
http://www.dada.it/eyeweb/eindex.htm

Seeing the World from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, including The Urgent Need to Use Both Eyes
http://www.hhmi.org/senses/b/b110.htm

HOW TO FIX AN EYE from Access Excellence
http://www.accessexcellence.org/LC/SS/vision_background.html

EYE STRUCTURE and VISUAL TESTS from University of Washington
http://faculty.washington.edu/kepeter/119/labs/eye-lab.htm

Neitz Color Vision Lab from The Medical College of Wisconsin - includes types of colourblindness, a pedigree of inheritance, a useful presentation of images as they would appear to colour blind people
http://www.mcw.edu/cellbio/colorvision/cbposter3.htm

Visual Acuity of the Human Eye from Center for Nondestructive Evaluation, Iowa State University
http://www.cnde.iastate.edu/ncce/PT_CC/Sec.1.2.1/Sec.1.2.1.html

Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology of the Human Eye from Ted M. Montgomery, Optometric Physician, inlcudes some tests for colour blindness and blind spot
http://users.aol.com/mont714/tutorial/the_eye/

Functional Retinal Morphology from University of Vienna - includes Cone subtypes
http://www.univie.ac.at/Vergl-Physiologie/www/research/morphretframe.html

Preserving the Miracle of Sight: Lasers and Eye Surgery - from Beyond Discovery, The National Academy of Sciences
http://www.beyonddiscovery.org/content/view.article.asp?a=395

The retina in vertebrates a student paper with images, from the University of Derby
http://vertigo.derby.ac.uk/BiologicalImaging/Shows/fys98/kd/is/ret.htm

Reptile Vision by Melissa Kaplan, author of Iguanas for Dummies
http://www.anglerfish.com/~melissk/sight.html

B-EYE - See the world through the eyes of a honey bee - fascinating images as seen through the eye of a bee, from Australian National University
http://cvs.anu.edu.au/andy/beye/beyehome.html

How Bees See Their World from gears: Internet Classroom
http://gears.tucson.ars.ag.gov/ic/vision/bee-vision.html

Bug-Eyed from Scientific American
http://www.sciam.com/exhibit/1999/110899bug/

Exploring the Fourth Dimension - Ultraviolet Vision from Biological Sciences, University of Bristol
http://www.bio.bris.ac.uk/research/behavior/icc_vis.htm

Functional Retinal Morphology from University of Vienna - includes Vision in Early Mammals and Special Characteristics of the Reptilian Retina
http://www.univie.ac.at/Vergl-Physiologie/www/research/morphretframe.html

The Eye in Health and Disease by Eric P. Purdy M.D. is a practising ophthalmologist
http://medicalreporter.health.org/tmr0695/eye0695.html

About Cataracts from the Department of Opthalmology, The University of Melbourne - What is a Cataract?, CAuses and Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment
http://iris.medoph.unimelb.edu.au/new/eyecare/cataract.html

How the Eye Works, What is a Cataract?, Symptoms of a Cataract and Diagnosing a Cataract from the Steen-Hall Eye Institute http://www.steen-hall.com/cataract.html

Cataract Details from The Bores Eye Institute
http://www.getnet.com/~labores/cataract.html

What is a cataract? from the Fred Hollows Foundation
http://www.hollows.com.au/Home/What_we_do/What_is_a_cataract_/what_is_a_cataract_.htm

Vision Impairments from the Association for the Blind of WA
http://www.abwa.asn.au/coding/vision.html

The Soundry - includes topics such as How We Perceive Sound: The Ear, The Physics of Sound, Applications of Sound and an Interactive Sound Lab
http://library.thinkquest.org/19537/Main.html

Hearing the World from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute
http://www.hhmi.org/senses/c/c110.htm

The Voice Center at Eastern Virginia Medical School includes Anatomy of the larynx and the vocal folds, Vocal Fold Vibration and Articulation
http://www.voice-center.com/

Anatomy of the Larynx from University of Pittsburgh Voice Center
http://www.upmc.edu/upmcvoice/anatomy.htm

What is Bioacoustics? from Acoustical Society of America
http://asa.aip.org/ani_bioac/ABwhatis.html

Biosonar: Seeing with sound from Bristol University, interactive exploration of how Bats use sound, requires Shockwave
http://www.biosonar.bris.ac.uk/

Resonators in insect sound production: how insects produce loud pure-tone songs published in The Journal of Experimental Biology
http://www.biologists.org/JEB/202/23/jeb2136.html

Wildlife of Tasmania - Frogs includes details of the eleven species of frogs that occur in Tasmania together with a sound file for each species
http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/wildlife/frogs/frogs.html

Frogs of Australia from Box Hill Institute, Victoria - select See and Hear Frogs to link to photographs with sound files - from the soundmachine dialog box use the pulldown menu to select the frog
http://www.bhtafe.edu.au/CIS/asfe/mod13u4/frogs.htm

Sing to me baby! ...Ribbit! from All About Frogs includes how and why frogs communicate, also sound files of
http://www.allaboutfrogs.org/weird/general/songs.html

Wildlife of Tasmania - Mammals includes sound files for Leopard seal, Hydrurga leptonyx and Tasmanian Devil, Sarcophilus harrisii
http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/wildlife/mammals/Tasmlist.html

Koala Communication description of the variety of sounds made by koalas and includes a wav file of a koala bellowing - from the Australian Koala Foundation
http://www.akfkoala.gil.com.au/commun.html

WILDsound sample audio from ABC Archives & Library Services includes birds, insects and mammals
http://www.abc.net.au/archives/av/wildsound.htm

Blue-ring Octopus from SHoalhaven Heads Hotel Fishing Club
http://www.shoalhaven.net.au/~shafc/Dangerous/blue_ring.html

Death in a Pretty Package: The Blue-Ringed Octopuses by Dr Roy Caldwell, University of California
http://www.dal.ca/~ceph/TCP/bluering1.html

Communication and Recruitment to Food Sources by Apis mellifera - bees communicate through dance from gears: Internet Classroom
http://gears.tucson.ars.ag.gov/ic/dance/dance.html

Insect Senses brief notes and diagrams from Virginia Tech Entomology
http://www.ento.vt.edu/Courses/Undergraduate/IHS/distance/lecture_files/Lecture13/sensesgoals.html

The Brain Museum including the Comparative Mammalian Brain Collections and How the Brain Works
http://brainmuseum.org/

Structure and function of the eye and The detection of stimuli by sense organs in Focus on Life (Kelly, Hatherly and Rosen)

Forming an image and Some limits of vision in Senior Biology (King)

Reflexes, Hearing, Vision, Taste and Smell, Skin Senses and Sensitivity Ranges in Year 11 Biology

Hearing, Vision and Adaptations for Vision in Year 12 Student Resource and Activity Manual (2001) from Biozone

Dissection of an eye in Biology Practicals for Senior Students by Cohen

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