8.3 Patterns in Nature

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Background and General Information	Cells and tissues
Gas exchange systems	Digestive systems
Circulatory and transport systems	Growth, repair and reproduction

Online Biology Book
http://gened.emc.maricopa.edu/bio/bio181/BIOBK/BioBookTOC.html

The Virtual Cell Web Page - an interactive multimedia learning environment - accompanied by a virtual textbook which is incomplete but useful
http://www.ibiblio.org/virtualcell/index.htm

Cell Biology Laboratory Manual - from Biology Department at Gustavus Adolphus College - has laboratory protocols
http://homepages.gac.edu/~cellab/index-1.html

Structure and Function of the Cell - from J.G.Johnson
http://www.sirinet.net/~jgjohnso/cell.html

Evolution of Cells - from Department of Biology, University of Miami, covers discovery of cells, first cells and cells existing today
http://www.bio.miami.edu/tom/bil255/bil255goods/01_cells.htmll

Studying Cells Tutorial - from University of Arizona
http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/tutorials/cells/cells.html

Historical development of the cell theory

Robert Hooke - from The Museum of Palentology, University of California, Berkeley
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/hooke.html

Introducing Cells - from Utah State Office of Education
http://www.usoe.k12.ut.us/curr/science/sciber00/7th/cells/sciber/intro.htm

What Are Cells? - from National Institute of Health's The Fundamental Unit of Life - as this site contains numerous graphics, it is slow to load
http://www.nih.gov/nigms/news/science_ed/whatcell.html

The Cell - includes Gallery of Cells and on-line lessons
http://library.thinkquest.org/3564/

Structure of cells and organelles

Inside the Cell - part of National Institute of Health's The Fundamental Unit of Life
http://www.nih.gov/nigms/news/science_ed/life.html

Introducing Cells - from Utah State Office of Education
http://www.usoe.k12.ut.us/curr/science/sciber00/7th/cells/sciber/intro.htm

Cell Structures and Processes - assignment questions from a Grade 11 Biology Review Page
http://members.tripod.com/~npc11bio/cells.htm

CELLS alive! - from Quill Graphics, includes models of plants and animal cells, interactive graphic of mitosis and cell gallery
http://www.cellsalive.com/

Hypertextbook Cell Biology Chapter 7 - from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
http://web.mit.edu/esgbio/www/cb/cbdir.html

Cell Biology Problem Sets and Tutorials - local mirror site of The Biology Project, University of Arizona
http://science.uniserve.edu.au/mirror/biolproject/cell_bio/cell_bio.html
or from the original site
http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/cell_bio.html

Virtual Cell - an interactive plant cell
http://http://www.life.uiuc.edu/plantbio/cell/

Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes, & Viruses Tutorial - Introduction - local mirror site of The Biology Project, University of Arizona
http://science.uniserve.edu.au/mirror/biolproject/cell_bio/tutorials/pev/main.html
or from the original site
http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/tutorials/pev/main.html

Membrane structure, osmosis and diffusion

Exercise 6.2 - Osmosis - from laboratory protocol from Gustavus Adolphus College
http://homepages.gac.edu/~cellab/chpts/chpt6/ex6-2.html

Hypertextbook Cell Biology Chapter 7 - from Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Biology, see sections on membrane structure
http://web.mit.edu/esgbio/www/cb/cbdir.html

Tissues

Histology - practical work from Loyola University Medical Education Network
http://www.lumen.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/HISTO/frames/histo_frames.html

Animal Cells and Tissues - good diagrams and photographs from the Online Biology Book
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookAnimalTS.html

Cell Biology - from Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_cell

Photosynthesis

Introduction to Photosynthesis (Biology Hypertextbook) - from Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Biology
http://web.mit.edu/esgbio/www/ps/psdir.html

Photosynthetic Pigments - from University California Museum of Paleontology
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/glossary/gloss3/pigments.html

Photosynthesis: Pathway of Carbon Fixation - from John Kimball's Biology Pages
http://www.ultranet.com/~jkimball/BiologyPages/C/CalvinCycle.html

Photosynthesis: The Role of Light - from John Kimball's Biology Pages
http://www.ultranet.com/~jkimball/BiologyPages/L/LightReactions.html

The Flow of Energy: Primary Production - from Global Change, University of Michigan
http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange1/current/lectures/kling/energyflow/energyflow.html

An Introduction to Photosynthesis and Its Applications - from Arizona State University
http://photoscience.la.asu.edu/photosyn/education/photointro.html

Photosynthesis Problem Set 1 - from The Biology Project, University of Arizona
http://www.biology.arizona.edu/biochemistry/problem_sets/photosynthesis_1/photosynthesis_1.html

Photosynthesis Problem Set 2 - from The Biology Project, University of Arizona
http://www.biology.arizona.edu/biochemistry/problem_sets/photosynthesis_2/photosynthesis_2.html

Lenticels - from University of California Los Angeles
http://www.lifesci.ucla.edu/botgard/html/botanytextbooks/generalbotany/barkfeatures/lenticels.html

Image of lenticels on birch tree - fom Tree Biology Dictionary
http://www.treedictionary.com/DICT2003/IMAGES/LENTICELS%20BIRCH.jpg

Gas Exchange in Plants - from the Biology Pages of John Kimball
http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/G/GasExchange.html

Vertebrate Gas Exchange System - from North Park College
http://members.tripod.com/~npc11bio/gas.htm

Insect Spiracle and trachea - Image from Oklahoma University
http://www.ou.edu/class/invert/spiracle.htm

Insect respiratory System Image
http://www.bodley.ox.ac.uk/dept/preservation/training/pests/images/trachspiralg.gif

Respiration in the Frog - from Thames Valley District School Board
http://www.tvdsb.on.ca/westmin/science/snc2g1/frogresp.htm

Vertebrate Lungs - from The Biology Pages by John Kimball
http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/V/VertebrateLungs.html

INSECT PHYSIOLOGY: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM - from NC State university
http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/course/ent425/tutorial/respire.html#1

Tracheal Breathing - from the Biology Pages of John Kimball
http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/T/Tracheal_Breathing.html

A UniServe Science InfoSheet on the Honey Possum, a nectar feeding mammal.
A Nectar Feeding Mammal - The Honey Possum Tarsipes rostratus

Case Study 3: Honey Possums and Wildflowers - from Australian Association of Environmental Education, Bugs Beasts and Biodiversity
http://www.aaee.org.au/bugsbeasts_honeypossum.htm

Bats in Australia: Common Blossom Bat - from Australian Museum Online
http://www.amonline.net.au/bats/records/bat12.htm

ANS 331: Digestive System - (brief notes but includes comparison between carnivores, herbivores and omnivores) from Southern Illinois University
http://www.siu.edu/~tw3a/331digst.htm

The Digestive System of the Goat - from Cornell University
http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/4H/meatgoats/meatgoatfs14.htm

Ruminant Digestive System - from Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine
http://education.vetmed.vt.edu/Curriculum/VM8054/Labs/Lab21/Lab21.htm

The Digestive System of the Ruminant - from Newfoundland and Labrador Department of Agriculture
http://www.gov.nl.ca/.../livestock/ruminant/digestivesys.pdf

Digestive Systems in Different Animals - Click the Visit Site link
http://library.thinkquest.org/15873/zoo/digestive/animals.shtml

Vertebrate Digestive System - from North Park College
http://members.tripod.com/~npc11bio/digestive.htm

Printable outline of digestive system
http://www.lessontutor.com/jm_digestive.html

The design of our digestive organs and digestive enzymes today - from Second Opinions
http://www.second-opinions.co.uk/carn_herb_comparison.html

The Human Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract - from the Biology Pages of John Kimball
http://www.ultranet.com/~jkimball/BiologyPages/G/GITract.html

Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy Lecture Notes 7 - Digestive System - well illustrated notes from Eastern Kentucky University
http://www.biology.eku.edu/RITCHISO/342notes7.html

Vertebrate Transport System - list of questions from North Park College
http://members.tripod.com/~npc11bio/transport.htm

Vertebrate Excretory System - list of questions from North Park College
http://members.tripod.com/~npc11bio/excretion.htm

Chapter 6: General Benefits of Radioisotope Research - from Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments
http://tis.eh.doe.gov/ohre/roadmap/achre/chap6_5.html

Martin Kamen, Who Discovered Carbon-14 Here, Wins Fermi Award - from the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California
http://www.lbl.gov/Science-Articles/Archive/Kamen-Fermi-Award.html

The Peaceful Atom - see FOOD AND AGRICULTURE and MEDICINE, from URANIUM INFORMATION CENTRE Ltd.
http://www.uic.com.au/peac.htm

Radioimmunoassay: A Proven Performer In the Bio Lab - (article in The Scientist - free registration is necessary to access articles)
http://www.the-scientist.com/yr1994/may/tool_940516.html

PET Tracers: Structure and Function - from Let's Play PET, University of California Los Angeles
http://laxmi.nuc.ucla.edu:8000/lpp/radioisotopes/tracers.html

Growth, repair and reproduction

Mitosis and Meiosis

The Cell Cycle & Mitosis Tutorial - The Biology Project, The University of Arizona
http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/tutorials/cell_cycle/main.html

Online Onion Root Tips: Determining time spent in different phases of the cell cycle - from The Biology Project, The University of Arizona
http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/activities/cell_cycle/cell_cycle.html

Cell Division - from Johnson County Community College
http://old.jccc.net/~pdecell/celldivision/celldivtext.html

Lecture 6: Cell Division - from BIOLOGY LEARNING CENTER Electronic Tutorials
http://members.aol.com/Bio50/LecNotes/lecnot06.html

Mitosis - from University of Cincinatti, inlcudes animation of both mitosis and meiosis
http://biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/bio104/mitosis.htm

Cell Division Tutorial Questions - from Cornell Univeristy USA
http://biog-101-104.bio.cornell.edu/BioG101_104/tutorials/cell_division.html

This section was removed from the syllabus in the October 2002 revision

Human Nutrition - from the Biology Pages of John Kimball
http://www.ultranet.com/~jkimball/BiologyPages/N/Nutrition.html

What are vitamins and how do they work? What is the difference between vitamin A and vitamin C, for example? If I don't get enough vitamins, what happens? - from How Stuff Works
http://www.howstuffworks.com/question129.htm

How Vitamin C works - from How Stuff Works
http://www.howstuffworks.com/vitamin-c.htm

How B Vitamins works - from How Stuff Works
http://www.howstuffworks.com/vitamin-b.htm

Reference Guide for VITAMINS - from Austin Nutritional Research
http://www.realtime.net/anr/vitamins.html

Fitness and Nutrition - from Go Ask Alice!
http://www.goaskalice.columbia.edu/Cat3.html

British Nutrition Society
http://www.nutrition.org.uk/

Food and Nutrition Information - from British Nutrition Society
http://www.nutrition.org.uk/information.html

Nutrition History - includes nutritional diseases such as beri-beri, pellagra, rickets and scurvey, from Vanderbilt Medical Center
http://www.mc.vanderbilt.edu/biolib/hc/nutrition.html

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