9.4 The Search for Better Health

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What is a healthy organism?	General resources
Cleanliness, personal hygiene and water quality	Microbes as causes of disease
Pathogens	Infectious diseases
Immunity and immunisation	Prevention and control of disease
Epidemiological Studies	Non-infectious diseases
Plant diseases Search for Better Health (Plant Diseases)	Quarantine measures

Fact Sheets - from World Health Organisation. Listed alphbetically by name, the sheets include many infectious diseases such as tuberculosis (104) and leprosy (101), environment diseases such as silicosis (238), tobacco (118, 154 - 160), arsenic in drinking water (210) and electromagnetic fields (181 - 184)
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/en/

Center for Disease Control and Prevention - from US Government
http://www.cdc.gov/

Tropical Diseases - from American Society of Tropical Health and Hygiene
http://www.astmh.org/q_a/tropical_dis.cfm

Publications - from NSW Health
http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/public-health/pubs.html

Fact Sheets - on a range of topics including Adolescent Immunization, Hepatitis B, Reduce the Risk of Infectious Diseases, from National Foundation for Infectious Diseases
http://www.nfid.org/factsheets/

Medical Microbiology includes many web-based resources from Neal Chamberlain, Kirksville College
http://www.geocities.com/capecanaveral/3504/

Surviving Challenges from Organisms that Cause Disease: Introduction from VCE Biology Students' site at La Trobe University. Includes Organisms which cause disease and Defense against disease.
http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/cat-removed/u3aos4p1.html

Viruses - from WATERSHEDSS, North Carolina State University
http://www.water.ncsu.edu/watershedss/info/viruses.html

Australian Drinking Water Guidelines - from National Health and Medical Research Council
http://www.nhmrc.gov.au/publications/synopses/eh19syn.htm

Schools - from Sydney Water - for students, teachers or self-educators, everything from how the water cycle works, to how to organise a school excursion to a treatment plant
http://www.sydneywater.com.au/EnsuringTheFuture/WaterSchool/

Water Treatment Report: - from Craville Studies
http://www.craville.110mb.com/chemistry/water.htm

Education and Action - from Sydney Catchment Authority
http://www.sca.nsw.gov.au/education/

The Botany Aquifer

Treating toxic water useless, warns expert - Sydney Morning Herald 2003
The Ban on Bore water - Sydney Morning Herald August 06
Orica to spend $167 mln cleaning up Botany Bay water - Industry Search Dec 2004
Botany Groundwater cleanup project - Orica Articles in Southern Courier

Build your own watershed - Activity from US EPA for grades 8-12
http://www.epa.gov/safewater/kids/activity_grades_9-12_buildyourownwatershed.html

Drinking Water Contaminants - from US EPA
http://www.epa.gov/safewater/hfacts.html

Drinking Water Contaminants - from US EPA
http://www.epa.gov/safewater/contaminants/index.html

Groundwater and drinking Water - from US EPA
http://www.epa.gov/safewater/

Drinking Water Facts - from Cooperative Research Centre for Water Quality and Treatment. Brochures and Fact Sheets
http://www.waterquality.crc.org.au/aboutdw_dwfacts.htm

The "Bad Bug Book" - The Foodborne Pathogenic Microorganisms and Natural Toxins Handbook is produced by the Center for Food Safety & Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food & Drug Administration. This online handbook contains information on over 30 bacteria, viruses, parasitic protozoans and worms and the diseases they cause.
http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~mow/intro.html

Water and Public Health Factsheets - from NSW Department of Public Health, includes Giardiasis and Cryptosporidiosis
http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/public-health/ehb/water/factsheets.html

Safe Food: It's Your Job Too! - food safety lessons were developed by the Food Safety Project at Iowa State University Extension to provide consumers and future consumers with the tools they need to help minimize their risk from harmful pathogens in the food supply.
http://www.extension.iastate.edu/foodsafety/Lesson/homepage.html

Bugs in the News! - from the University of Kansas
http://people.ku.edu/~jbrown/bugs.html

Foodborne Illness - site maintained by the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U. S. Food and Drug Administration which includes links to many resources on safe food handling
http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~mow/foodborn.html

A-Z Index of Common Health Topics - site maintained by NSW Health includes information on diseases such as Ross River Fever and Water and Public Health, select topic from pull-down menu
http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/topics/index.html

Drinking Water Treatment Devices: Filters - an article by Marilyn W. Caselman, Department of Environmental Design, University of Missouri-Columbia, available through MU Extension, University of Missouri
http://muextension.missouri.edu/xplor/hesguide/houseeq/gh4864.htm

Slow Sand Filtration
http://ewr.cee.vt.edu/environmental/teach/wtprimer/slowsand/slowsand.html

National Drinking Water Clearinghouse - Tech Brief Article in .pdf format
Slow Sand Filtration

A simple water filter - Script from radio Australia
http://www.abc.net.au/ra/innovations/stories/s1339270.htm

Drinking Water Treatment Devices: Distillers - an article by Joann Hallaway, Equipment and Energy, Colorado State University, available through MU Extension, University of Missouri
http://muextension.missouri.edu/xplor/hesguide/houseeq/gh4863.htm

Parasitology Research - site maintained by the Division of Biology, Kansas State University contains details of Cryptosporidium outbreaks world wide
http://www.ksu.edu/parasitology/

Combating parasites using novel technologies - from Academy of Sciences
http://www.science.org.au/sats2004/ryan.htm

Understanding Intestinal Spore-forming protozoa  - from Annals of Internal Medicine
http://www.annals.org/cgi/content/full/124/4/429

Microbiology and Bacteriology: The World of Microbes - from University of Wisconsin-Madison
http://www.bact.wisc.edu/Microtextbook/index.php

Virtual Microbiology - from University of Wisconsin-Madison
http://www.bact.wisc.edu/MicrotextBook/index.php?module=Book&func=toc&book_id=3

The Life and Times of Louis Pasteur - by David V. Cohn, Professor of Biochemistry at the University of Louisville Schools of Medicine and Dentistry
http://www.labexplorer.com/louis_pasteur.htm

Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) - from Access Excellence
http://www.accessexcellence.org/AB/BC/Louis_Pasteur.html

Spontaneous Generation - briefly covers the work of Francesco Redi, Lazzaro Spallanzani and Louis Pasteur with some focus questions, from Kent School District
http://projects.edtech.sandi.net/kearny/labor/notes/spontgen.html

Spontaneous Generation - from Washington State University
http://www.slic2.wsu.edu:82/hurlbert/micro101/pages/Chap1.html#Spontaneous_generation

Spontaneous Generation - from University of Wisconsin-Madison
Spontaneous Generation

Book Review -- The Private Science of Louis Pasteur - by Gerald L. Geison. Pasteur 's work analysed
http://www.thebody.com/iapac/pasteur.html

Louis Pasteur - author and affiliation uncertain
http://web.ukonline.co.uk/b.gardner/pasteur.htm

Spontaneous Generation - briefly covers the work of Francesco Redi, Lazzaro Spallanzani and Louis Pasteur with some focus questions
http://www.kent.wednet.edu/staff/rlynch/sci_class/chap01/spontaneous.html

Activity

Pasteur's swan-necked flask experiment
http://hsc.csu.edu.au/biology/core/better_health/9_4_3/943net.html

Robert Koch – Biography - from Nobel e-Museum
http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/1905/koch-bio.html

Robert Koch - author and affiliation uncertain
http://web.ukonline.co.uk/b.gardner/Koch.htm

Demonstrating Koch's Postulates
http://www-saps.plantsci.cam.ac.uk/worksheets/ssheets/ssheet18.htm

Microbes in Action - from University of Missouri - St. Louis
http://www.umsl.edu/~microbes/

Classroom Activities - from University of Missouri - St. Louis
http://www.umsl.edu/~microbes/activities.html

MicrobeWorld - from American Society for Microbiology
hhttp://www.microbeworld.org/

Name that bug - from St Louis Community College
http://users.stlcc.edu/kkiser/Name.bug.html

The Mystery Spot: Access Excellence Mysteries - from Access Excellence
http://www.accessexcellence.org/AE/mspot/

Virology - from Alan Cann, Microbiology Bytes
http://www.microbiologybytes.com/virology/index.html

Koch's Postulates - from Alan Cann, Microbiology Bytes
http://www.microbiologybytes.com/introduction/b2.html

Diseases covered by CSR (Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response) - from WHO, includes African trypanosomiasis, hepatitis, rabies and more
http://www.who.int/csr/disease/en/

History of Malaria - from The Malaria Site
http://www.malariasite.com/malaria/History.htm

Malaria Nobel Prizes - the four scientists involved, from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
http://www.cdc.gov/Malaria/features/index_20041220.htm

RONALD ROSS - brief biography of Ronald Ross and his work with malaria from the Nobel e-Museum
http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/1902/ross-bio.html

Malaria - a growing threat - from the Australian Academy of Science, includes the life cycle of malarial parasite
http://www.science.org.au/nova/011/011key.htm

Malaria page - from Hoslink, a resource portal for Medical and Biomedical Professionals
http://www.hoslink.com/malaria.htm

Plasmodium Falciparum - Life Cycle Diagram from Atlas of Medical Parasitology
http://www.cdfound.to.it/html/pf1c.htm

Malaria - from Carroll College includes history, Malarial Life cycle and more

Malaria - from the Why Files
http://whyfiles.org/shorties/malaria.html

Keeping Malaria at Bay: Insecticide-treated Nets - reports from the International Development Research Centre, Canada, check the Links to explore including The history of Malaria and Malaria
http://web.idrc.ca/es/ev-26957-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html

Malaria An On-line Resource - excellent reources from Division of Laboratory Medicine at Royal Perth Hospital
http://www.rph.wa.gov.au/malaria.html

Malaria in Malawi, Bitter-sweet Success - from ABC Science Online, the Lab
http://www.abc.net.au/science/slab/malaria/default.htm

Fact Sheets - on a range of topics including Adolescent Immunization, Hepatitis B, Reduce the Risk of Infectious Diseases, from National Foundation for Infectious Diseases.
http://www.nfid.org/factsheets/

Images of Parasites - a page of links, from Ohio State University
http://www.lib.uiowa.edu/hardin/md/parasitespictures.html

Mad cow disease - a human problem! - from the Australian Academy of Science
http://www.science.org.au/nova/003/003key.htm

Prion Background page - from BioQuest
http://www.bioquest.org/bedrock/problem_spaces/prion/background.php

The Prion Diseases - by Stanley B. Prusiner who won the 1997 Nobel Prize for Medicine for his discovery of Prions, a new biological principle of infection
http://www.cyber-dyne.com/~tom/prionSP.html

Prion Diseases and the BSE Crisis - by Stanley B. Prusiner in Science, October, 1997
http://www.sciencemag.org/feature/data/prusiner/245.shl

Prions - the transcript of an interview with Stanley Prusiner on the health report, Radio National, ABC
http://abc.net.au/rn/talks/8.30/helthrpt/stories/s44356.htm

Prions - from Prionics web site, brief description of various diseases caused by prions
http://www.prionics.ch/start.cgi?e=prionics-e-priondisease-introduction.htm

The Neuropathology of CJD - from The National Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Surveillance Unit. UK
http://www.cjd.ed.ac.uk/path.htm

All the Virology on the WWW - maintained by the Garry Lab, Tulane University School of Medicine, this site contains of links to all aspects of virology
http://www.virology.net/

MEDICAL VIROLOGY LECTURE NOTES - from the University of Cape Town, South Africa, this site covers a number of diseases caused by viruses such as Mumps Viral Gastroenteritis, Influenza, Herpes viruses, Viral Haemorrhagic fevers, Rabies, Rubella as well as details of Vaccination for the prevention of these diseases.
http://www.uct.ac.za/depts/mmi/jmoodie/welcome1.html

Dr. Donald P. Francis Talks to Teachers About the Ebola Outbreak - from Access Excellence
http://new.accessexcellence.org/LC/SS/francis_bio.html

Dr. Frederick A. Murphy Talks about the Ebola Virus - from Access Excellence
http://www.accessexcellence.org/WN/NM/interview_murphy.html

An end to influenza? - from The Academy of Science, printer-friendly Version
http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/10220/20050623/www.science.org.au/nova/014/014print.htm

Avian Influenza - from WHO
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/avian_influenza/en/index.html

Bird flu – the pandemic clock is ticking - from NOVA, Australian Academy of Science
http://www.science.org.au/nova/090/090key.htm

Influenza - a fact sheet from World Health Organisation
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs211/en/index.html

EMERGING AND RE-EMERGING VIRUSES: AN ESSAY - by Alison Jacobson, Department of Microbiology, University of Cape Town includes ebola and influenza
http://www.mcb.uct.ac.za/ebola/ebolaess.html

Kissing the Epstein-Barr virus goodbye? - from NOVA (Science in the News) The Australian Academy of Science
http://www.science.org.au/nova/026/026key.htm

Equine Influenza

Equine influenza - from NSW Department of Primary Industries
http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/agriculture/livestock/horse/influenza

Equine influenza - from The University of Sydney
http://www.usyd.edu.au/su/rirdc/articles/disease/flu.htm

Equine influenza - from CSIRO
http://www.csiro.au/resources/EquineInfluenza.html

Equine influenza - from Animal Health Australia
http://www.animalhealthaustralia.com.au/programs/adsp/nahis/diseases/ei.cfm

Bacteria

Beginning with bacteria - description of different types of bacteria, from a Composting web site
http://lockwoodwebs.com/composting/link4.html

Generalised diagram of a bacterium - from The Uniiversity of Oklahoma
http://www.ou.edu/class/pheidole/General%20Bacteria.jpg

Bacteria of Medical Importance - from University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Bacteriology
http://textbookofbacteriology.net/medical.html

What the Heck is an E. coli? - from the University of Kansas, what is E. coli, when is it OK, when is it a problem?
http://people.ku.edu/~jbrown/ecoli.html

Some Interesting Bacteria and Facts About Them - from Des Moines Area Community College's Urban Campus
http://www.dmacc.cc.ia.us/instructors/scottie.htm

Bacteria Bite back - from Wellcome Trust
http://www.wellcome.ac.uk/doc_WTX026110.html

African trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness) - from WHO
http://www.who.int/tdr/diseases/tryp/default.htm

Human Parasites - from Des Moines Area Community College’s Urban Campus
http://www.dmacc.cc.ia.us/instructors/human.htm

Trypanosoma cruzi and Chagas disease - from Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz Vol. 94, Suppl. I, 1999, a special issue to commemorate the the 90th anniversary of the discovery of Chagas disease
http://www.dbbm.fiocruz.br/TcruziDB/trypan.html

Malaria - a fact sheet from World Health Organisation
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs094/en/index.html

Fungal Infections - from National Institute of Health, USA
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/fungalinfections.html

Introduction to Fungi - from a medical perspective at the Dr Fungus web site funded by Pharmaceutical companies
http://www.doctorfungus.org/

Tinea Versicolor - a fungal disease - from American Academy of Dermatology
http://www.aad.org/public/Publications/pamphlets/TineaVersicolor.htm

Tinea Infections: Athlete's Foot, Jock Itch and Ringworm - from FamilyDoctor.org
http://familydoctor.org/handouts/316.html

Fungi and Human Disease - from Kirksville College
http://www.kcom.edu/faculty/chamberlain/Website/fungi.htm

Hydatids - when a dog is not man's best friend - from NOVA (Science in the News) Australian Academy of Science
http://www.science.org.au/nova/056/056key.htm

Human Parasites - from Des Moines Area Community College’s Urban Campus
http://www.dmacc.cc.ia.us/instructors/human.htm

Onchocerciasis (river blindness) - fact sheet from CDC
http://www.who.int/pbd/blindness/onchocerciasis/en/

River blindness 'breakthrough' - from BBC
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/779698.stm

Ounce of prevention - from National Center for Infectious Diseases, USA
http://www.cdc.gov/ounceofprevention/

Fleming discovers penicillin 1928 - 1945 - from A Science Odyssey
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/dm28pe.html

Penicillin, The Wonder Drug - from Botany, University of Hawaii
http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/wong/BOT135/Lect21b.htm

The Aftermath of Penicillin - from Botany, University of Hawaii
http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/wong/BOT135/Lect23.htm

Microbes: What They Do & How Antibiotics Change Them - from Action Bioscience
http://www.actionbioscience.org/evolution/meade_callahan.html

Activities

Microbes: Too smart for antibiotics - Lesson Plan, from Action Bioscience
http://www.actionbioscience.org/evolution/meade_callahan.html#educatorresources

Leaving Certificate Microbiology - from TeacherNet, Ireland
http://www.teachnet.ie/glohan/revised/

An Interdisciplinary Approach to the Study of Disease - from Teachers Network
http://teachersnetwork.org/teachnetusa/jkent/disease.htm

The Problem of Antimicrobial Resistance - from the National Institute of Allergies and Infectious Diseases
http://www.niaid.nih.gov/factsheets/antimicro.htm

The Rise of Antibiotic-Resistant Infections - from the US Drug and Food Administration
http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/795_antibio.html

Microbes: Their Diversity, Antibacterial Targets and Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance - from Access Excellence
http://www.accessexcellence.org/BF/bf05/girard/toc.html

Microbes: What doesn't kill them makes them stronger - from the Whyfiles
http://whyfiles.org/038badbugs/

ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE - a fact sheet from the WHO
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/index.html

Communicable diseases

Notifications for communicable diseases - data table from Health NSW
http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/public-health/chorep/com/com_not.htm

Learn more about malaria -from Global Health Reporting
http://www.globalhealthreporting.org/malaria.asp?id=328

Insects, Disease and History - from Montana State University
http://scarab.msu.montana.edu/historybug/

Malaria - a growing threat - from the Australian Academy of Science, includes the life cycle of malarial parasite
http://www.science.org.au/nova/011/011key.htm

Malaria - from the Why Files
http://whyfiles.org/shorties/malaria.html

Keeping Malaria at Bay: Insecticide-treated Nets - from International Development Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada
http://web.idrc.ca/es/ev-26957-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html

Malaria An On-line Resource - excellent reources from Division of Laboratory Medicine at Royal Perth Hospital
http://www.rph.wa.gov.au/labs/haem/malaria/

Malaria in Malawi, Bitter-sweet Success - from ABC Science Online, the Lab
http://www.abc.net.au/science/slab/malaria/default.htm

Malaria - from Center for Disease Control and Prevention
http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/disease.htm

Arboviruses

Definition - from Biology Online
http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Arbovirus

Arbovirus Surveillance - from Westmead Hospital
http://medent.usyd.edu.au/projects/arbovirus%20surveillance.htm

The New South Wales Arbovirus Surveillance & Mosquito Monitoring Program - includes Barmah Forest Virus and Ross River Fever
http://www.arbovirus.health.nsw.gov.au/areas/arbovirus/

Ross River Fever - a fact sheet from NSW Department of Health
http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/public-health/cdscu/facts/pdf/rossriver.pdf

Ross River virus infection - Fact Sheet - from Department of Health and Aging, Australian Government
http://www.health.gov.au/internet/wcms/publishing.nsf/Content/health-arbovirus-pdf-fsrossriver.htm

West Nile Virus factsheet .pdf. Designed for distribution to households in affected areas
WNV Factsheet

West Nile Virus Basics - from Center for Disease Control and Prevention
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/

Biology 9.4.4. Defence against disease - includes report scaffoldiing, from HSC Online
http://hsc.csu.edu.au/biology/core/better_health/9_4_4/944net.html

The Bacterial Flora of Humans - from Todar's Online Textbook of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin
http://www.textbookofbacteriology.net/normalflora.html

Crohn's Disease - from National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse
http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/crohns/index.htm

Crohn's Disease - Interactive tutorials, from National Institutes of Health
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/tutorials/crohnsdisease/htm/index.htm

Candidiasis - from Mycology Online
http://www.mycology.adelaide.edu.au/Mycoses/Cutaneous/Candidiasis/

Is Candida an Endocrine Disorder? - from National Candida Society, UK
http://www.candida-society.org.uk/

Intestinal Barrier Function test

Description - from ImminuoSciences Lab
http://www.immuno-sci-lab.com/2003_cat_page66.htm

Sample result sheet - from ImminuoSciences Lab
http://www.immuno-sci-lab.com/IntestBarrFunc-colorPamphlet.pdf

The Human Body's Innate Non Specific Defence - from John Ross, Senior Lecturer within the Faculty of Healthcare and Social Studies, University of Luton
http://www.jdaross.cwc.net/nonspec.htm

The Constitutive Defenses of the Host against Microbial Pathogens - from University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Bacteriology Online textbook
http://www.textbookofbacteriology.net/immune.html

Understanding the Immune System - pdf file of a 64 page booklet from National Institute of Health
http://www.niaid.nih.gov/publications/immune/the_immune_system.pdf

Understanding Cancer Series: The Immune System - from National Cancer Institute
http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/understandingcancer/immunesystem

Lymphocyte Homing Research - on-line lecture, together with diagrams and electromicroscope photos, on the role of lymphocytes in immunity from Arthur O. Anderson, M.D., U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, requires Internet Explorer
http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Hangar/1962/

How Lymphocytes Produce Antibody - from CELLS alive! includes photomicrograph, text and animation
http://www.cellsalive.com/antibody.htm

LabWork - virtual experiments (nine in all) including Rubella testing and Antibody-Antigen Interactions
http://www-micro.msb.le.ac.uk/LabWork/LabWork.htm

Burnet, Frank Macfarlane (1899 - 1985) - a short biography with links to other sites, from Bright Sparcs at The University of Melbourne
http://macfarlane.asap.unimelb.edu.au:80/bsparcs/biogs/P000279b.htm

Development of Polio Vaccines - from Access Excellence
http://www.accessexcellence.org/AE/AEC/CC/polio.html

Salk produces polio vaccine 1952 - from A Science Odyssey
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/dm52sa.html

Vaccines--How and Why? - from Access Excellence, includes how vaccines works and how to make vaccines
http://www.accessexcellence.org/AE/AEC/CC/vaccines_how_why.html

Immunisation - protecting our children from disease - from NOVA (Science in the News) The Australian Academy of Science
http://www.science.org.au/nova/012/012key.htm

What is immunisation? - from the GP resources, Victoria
http://www.nevdgp.org.au/info/immunisation/whatis_immunisation.htm

Immunisation Resources - from NE Valley Division of Victorian GP Society
http://www.nevdgp.org.au/info/immunisation/immunise.htm

Immunisation - from WebHealthCentre.com
http://www.webhealthcentre.com/general/im_index.asp

Immunization Safety - from World Health Organization
http://www.who.int/vaccines-diseases/safety/

Edible Vaccines - from Alkek Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A & M University
http://www.nal.usda.gov/pgdic/Probe/v5n1/lead.html

The Hepatitis B Story - from Beyond Discovery, The National Academy of Sciences
http://www.beyonddiscovery.org/content/view.article.asp?a=265

Smallpox - fact sheet from Department of Health and Aging, Australian Government
Smallpox fact Sheet

Smallpox information sheets
http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/smallpox/index.asp

Understanding the Immune System - Immunology and Transplants - from the National Institute of Health
http://rex.nci.nih.gov/PATIENTS/INFO_TEACHER/bookshelf/NIH_immune/html/imm25.html

How Organ Transplants Work - from How Stuff Works, including rejection of organ in Living with a New Organ
http://www.howstuffworks.com/organ-transplant.htm

Transplantation - from the National Institute of Allergies and Infectious Diseases
http://www3.niaid.nih.gov/healthscience/healthtopics/transplantation/default.htm

Article on Transplantaion - from Squibb Drug Co
http://www.bms.com/static/annual/2003ar/annual_report/data/unmet.htm

Transplant Rejection - notes for heart transplant patients
http://www.chfpatients.com/tx/txrejection.htm

Transplant Rejection - from American Association of Kidney Patients
http://www.aakp.org/aakp-library/dsp_transplantCats.cfm?cat=29

Repeated Transplant Rejection: Why Does It Happen? - from American Association of Kidney Patients
http://www.aakp.org/aakp-library/Repeated-Transplant-Rejection/

Public Health Programmes

A-Z Health Topics - information from NSW Health, Public Health Divisions in .pdf format
http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/topics/index.html

The World Health Organization Smallpox Eradication Programme - an article that outlines the programme that eradicated smallpox with discussion questions, from University of Toronto
http://choo.fis.utoronto.ca/fis/courses/lis2102/KO.WHO.case.html

World Health Organization declares smallpox eradicated 1980 - from A Science Odyssey
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/dm79sp.html

Diptheria - epidemiology, treatment, vaccine programme from World Health Organisation
http://www.who.int/vaccines-documents/DocsPDF-IBI-e/mod2_e.pdf

Diphtheria in the Former Soviet Union: Reemergence of a Pandemic Disease - from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol4no4/vitek.htm

Diphtheria Outbreak -- Russian Federation, 1990-1993 - from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwR/preview/mmwrhtml/00022128.htm

POLIOMYELITIS - fact sheet from World Health Organisation
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs114/en/

Dental Disease- from Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
Oral Diseases

Water fluoridation - from Victoria Government Health Information
http://www.health.vic.gov.au/environment/water/fluoridation.htm

Community Water Fluoridation - from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
http://www.cdc.gov/fluoridation/

Kit

Water Fluoridation In New South Wales - article, from Australian News Net
Fluoridation

Epidemiology - from John Kimball's Biology Pages
http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/E/Epidemiology.html

Centre for Epidemiology and Research - from Health NSW
http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/public-health/epi/

NSW Health: Questionnaire used for 1997-1998 Survey. As a downloadable .pdf file
http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/public-health/nswhs/questionnaire.pdf

Results of the Survey - see analysis for Individual Health Areas to examine graphs with their associated data, could provide material for tests and assignments.
http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/public-health/nswhs/hsindex.htm

Epidemiology - from Medical Anthropology, Palomar College, San Marcos, California
http://anthro.palomar.edu/medical/med_3.htm

Mystery Horse Disease - Hendra Virus - links to material on the 2000 outbreak of this disease in Queensland including a PowerPoint Presentation (that can be downloaded) that retraces the steps and techniques used to detect of this new virus
http://www.csiro.au/reports/Hendra2000/index.htm

Epidemiology for the Uninitiated - an on-line textbook from the British Medical Journal
http://www.bmj.com/epidem/epid.html

The Panama Puzzle - interactive about Walter Reed and Yellow fever, from Leicester University
http://www-micro.msb.le.ac.uk/Tutorials/Panama/Panama.html

Adventures in Epidemiology - web site of Reimert Thorolf Ravenholt, MD MPH, President, Population Health Imperatives, Washington. This page links to an autobiography of an epidemiologist and numerous case studies in epidemiology. These are MS Word files that have been compressed using Zip, a Windows application and therefore they need to be accessed initally with a Windows computer. Case studies vary in length from 3 pages to quite detailed reports.
http://www.ravenholt.com/

Report of the New South Wales Chief Health Officer - from the Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Public Health Division, Health NSW, includes statistics for tobacco use, nutrition and skin cancer for NSW in various years. Set graph size.
http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/public-health/chorep/toc/choindex.htm#pre_new

All lectures - in the Epidemiology Supercourse, PowerPoint presentations on a vast list of diseases e.g. Toxic Oil Sydrome and Diabetes, excellent background information for teachers, from University of Pittsburgh
http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/main/index.htm

Epidemiology - from John Kimball's Biology Pages, uses Cigarette Smoking as example of epidemiology
http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/E/Epidemiology.html

Lung Cancer Dissertation - from Leicester University, includes epimediology of lung cancer, UK data
http://willroberts.com/lungcancer/

Lung Cancer in NSW, 1973 to 1998 - from Cancer Council NSW- Lots of data and graphs
http://www.cancercouncil.com.au/editorial.asp?pageid=769

Lung cancer: Still a significant problem among Queensland men & an increasing problem among Queensland women - from Queensland Department of Health
http://www.health.qld.gov.au/publications/infocirc/info53.PDF

Lung cancer - New cases and deaths Chart - from NSW Department of Health
http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/public-health/chorep02/can/can_lung.htm

Activity

Demonstrating an Epidemic - from Access Excellence
http://www.accessexcellence.org/AE/AEC/CC/epidemic.html

Centre for Genetics Education - offers many fact sheets
http://www.genetics.com.au/factsheet/index.html

Human Gene Testing - from Beyond Discovery, The National Academy of Sciences
http://www.beyonddiscovery.org/content/view.article.asp?a=239

The Genetics File - Human Genetics Counselling material from Victoria
http://www.mcri.edu.au/GF/pages/GeneticsFile.asp

Understanding Cancer Series: Gene Testing - from National Cancer institute, USA, lides on this topic.
http://www.nci.nih.gov/cancertopics/UnderstandingCancer/genetesting

Genetic Disorders - from the Genetic Science Learning Center
http://gslc.genetics.utah.edu/units/disorders/

Human genetics: A Resource for Teachers - lists genetic diseases categorised under the following headings Autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked dominant, X-linked recessive, Y-linked, chromosomal and multi-factorial with suggestions for class activities and links
http://www.usoe.k12.ut.us/curr/science/core/bio/genetics/

Hemochromatosis - from National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse, National Institute of Health
http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health/digest/pubs/hemochrom/hemochromatosis.htm

FAQ ON GENETIC HAEMOCHROMATOSIS - from Nutrition Australia
http://www.nutritionaustralia.org/Food_Facts/FAQ/genetic_HAEMOCHROMATOSIS_faq_new.asp

HEREDITARY HAEMOCHROMATOSIS - from Centre for Genetics Education
http://www.genetics.com.au/pdf/factsheets/fs36.pdf

Support Groups and Information Sites for Genetic Diseases - list of human gentic diseases with links to support and information sites
http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/cellmicro/lewis/instructor/support.mhtml

Calculating your odds for disease - a lesson plan from National Institute of Environmental Health, USA, involves statistics
http://www.ehponline.org/science-ed/2007/calculating.pdf

Nutrition History - includes nutritional diseases such as beri-beri, pellagra, rickets and scurvey, from Vanderbilt Medical Center
http://www.mc.vanderbilt.edu/biolib/hc/nutrition.html

Pointing the bone at osteoporosis - from the Australian Academy of Science
http://www.science.org.au/nova/042/042key.htm

Pellagra shown to be dietary disease 1915 - from A Science Odyssey
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/dm15pa.html

Dr. Joseph Goldberger & the War on Pellagra - an on-line exhinition from the National Institute of Health
http://history.nih.gov/exhibits/goldberger/

A body of Evidence - from NutriQuest (McGraw Hill)
http://www.mhhe.com/hper/nutrition/nutriquest/body.mhtml

Nutrition and Your Eyes: In a Nutshell - from All About Vision
http://www.allaboutvision.com/nutrition/nutrition_summary.htm

Unravelling the Enigma of Vitamin D - an article on rickets from Beyond Discovery, The National Academy of Sciences
http://www.beyonddiscovery.org/content/view.article.asp?a=414

Environmental diseases

Cancer

Calculating your odds for disease - a lesson plan from National Institute of Environmental Health, USA, involves statistics
http://www.ehponline.org/science-ed/2007/calculating.pdf

What is Melanoma? - from the Melanoma web site
http://www.melanoma.com/whatis.html

Queensland Sun: How to protect yourself from the sun - from Queensland Beaches, with the highest melanoma (sun cancer) rate in the world
http://www.qldbeaches.com/sun.html

Understanding Melanoma - from Cancer Council NSW
http://www.cancercouncil.com.au/editorial.asp?pageid=56

Melanoma - from the Cancer Council of Victoria
http://www.cancervic.org.au/about-cancer/cancer_types/melanoma

Asbestosis

Asbestos- from American Lung Association
http://www.lungusa.org/site/pp.asp?c=dvLUK9O0E&b=35368

Asbestosis is a lung disease - from Victorian Government
Asbestosis fact Sheet

Asbestos Related Lung Diseases - from Australian Lung Foundation
http://www.lungnet.com.au/fact_sheets/asbestos-related-health.html

The rise and rise of asthma - from the Australian Academy of Science
http://www.science.org.au/nova/007/007key.htm

Asthma and allergens -from Disability Victoria
http://www.disability.vic.gov.au/dsonline/dsarticles.nsf/pages/Asthma_and_allergens?OpenDocument

Food Allergy and Intolerance - from Disability Victoria
Article

Minamata disease

Epidemiology of Minamata Disease - a PowerPoint presentation, good background material for teachers
http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec0361/index.htm

Chapter - 4 Minamata disease - a chapter from Industrial Pollution in Japan published by United Nations University Press.
http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu35ie/uu35ie0c.htm

Minamata Disaster - a case study from American University, Washington
http://www.american.edu/projects/mandala/TED/MINAMATA.HTM

The Poisoning of Minamata - a historical case study of pollution in a closed ecosystem
http://www1.umn.edu/ships/ethics/minamata.htm

The Day the Cats of Minamata, Japan threw themselves into the Bay! - an anecdotal description of Minamata disease
http://members.tripod.com/~Sandra_Justus/SandrazEnvironmentalStories_index.html

MERCURY POISONING IN THE AMAZON: THE TIP OF THE ICEBERG - from International Development Research Centre
http://www.idrc.ca/en/ev-25795-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html

Health - Mercury poisoning disease re-emerges - from BBC NEWS
http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/health/newsid_271000/271598.stm

Search for Better Health (Plant Diseases) - complied by UniServe Science, contains links to sites containing images of plant diseases, listed by type of plant affected and type of pathogen

Symptoms of Plant Diseases - from University of Florida, includes images
http://erec.ifas.ufl.edu/MG/mgmod3.htm

Plant Disease Lessons - from the American Phytopathological Society - includes lessons on Tobacco Mosaic Virus, Dutch Elm disease, Citrus Canker and Coffee Rust
http://www.apsnet.org/education/LessonsPlantPath/Top.html

Plant Disease Central - from University of Nebraska, Lincoln
http://pdc.unl.edu/

Plant Disease Diagnostic Clinic - facts sheets available from Cornell University
http://PlantClinic.cornell.edu/Default.htm

The Red Gum Lerp Psyllid, a new pest of Eucalyptus species in California - from the College of Natural Resources, University of California at Berkeley, good images of this Australian insect pest and the damage it causes
http://www.cnr.berkeley.edu/biocon/dahlsten/rglp/index.htm

Pest Management and Identification from the University of California including pests of plants and plant diseases. Of particular interest are the PSYLLIDS and EUCALYPTUS REDGUM LERP PSYLLID which affect Australian Eucalypts.
http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/selectnewpest.home.html

KEY TO THE FOREST INSECT PESTS OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA - contains picture of infected plants
http://www.fzi.uni-freiburg.de/InsectPestKey-long%20version/key.htm

Pest and diseases fact sheets - leaflets on quarantine diseases not yet found in Australia or if in Australia of limited distribution and under active control, include Citrus canker, Dutch elm disease, Fireblight of apples and pears, Karnal bunt of wheat, Lethal diseases of palms, Pitch canker and Sugarcane smut, from Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry - Australia
http://www.daff.gov.au/aqis/quarantine/pests-diseases

Management of Blackleg Disease in Canola - from Pioneer Hi-bred International
http://www.pioneer.com/Australia/Products/Canola/blackleg.htm

Images of Canola Diseases - Canola Council of Canada
http://www.canola-council.org/slides/pests/diseases/diseases.html

Animal and Plant Pests, Diseases & Weeds around the home and garden - from Department of Agriculture, WA
http://www.agric.wa.gov.au/content/PW/GARD/PaDIS_INDEX.HTMb

Pathogen List - including Plant Diseases caused by viruses, bacteria and fungi, from National Istitute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Japan
http://nilgs.naro.affrc.go.jp/db/diseases/contents/pename.html

Activities

Plant Pathology - Demonstrating Koch's Postulates - from Science and Plants for Schools. Uses apples as the culture medium
http://www-saps.plantsci.cam.ac.uk/worksheets/ssheets/ssheet18.htm

Education - resources for school teachers from Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service
http://www.daff.gov.au/aqis/about/public-awareness/education

Traveller's Guide to Interstate Quarantine - this 16 page booklet can be downloaded from NSW Department of Agriculture
http://www.agric.nsw.gov.au/reader/pe-plantquarantine/quardomesbroc.pdf?MIvalObj=10696&doctype=document&MItypeObj=application/pdf&name=/quardomesbroc.pdf

Review of the Northern Australia Quarantine Strategy - from Quarantine and Exports Council
http://www.daff.gov.au/aqis/quarantine/naqs/reports/qeac/review

Schools Fact Sheets - a list of FACT SHEETS available from Australia Quarantine and Inspection Service
http://www.daff.gov.au/aqis/about/public-awareness/education/fact-sheetst

Animal pests and diseases - a list of FACT SHEETS available from Australia Quarantine and Inspection Service
http://www.daff.gov.au/animal-plant-health/pests-diseases-weeds/animal

Northern Australia Quarantine Strategy Pests and Disease factsheets
http://www.daff.gov.au/aqis/quarantine/naqs/naqs-fact-sheets

AUSVETPLAN Development - from Animal Health Australia, links to booklets (in pdf) on a variety of animals diseases with reference to cause, symptoms and quarantine procedures
http://www.animalhealthaustralia.com.au/aahc/index.cfm?E9711767-B85D-D391-45FC-CDBC07BD1CD4

The Australian Quarantine Inspection Service and the need for quarantine - from NOVA, The Australian Academy of Science
http://www.science.org.au/nova/003/003box02.htm

Quarantine Matters! - downloadable guides for travellers, from Australian Fisheries and Forestry. FREE destination guides for travellers. http://www.daff.gov.au/aqis/about/public-awareness/q-matters

What can't be mailed to Australia? - from Australian Fisheries and Forestry
http://www.daff.gov.au/aqis/mail/cant-mail

Newcastle Disease

Local virus behind Newcastle disease outbreaks - from CSIRO
http://www.csiro.au/files/mediaRelease/mr1999/NewcastleDiseaseOutbreaks.htm

Newcastle Disease - from Queensland Government
http://www2.dpi.qld.gov.au/health/14279.html

Newcastle Disease Management plan - from Animal Health Asutralia
Management Plan

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) or Mad Cow Disease

BSE - from Food Standards Australia
http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/foodmatters/bovinespongiformencephalopathybse/index.cfm

Australian Actions on BSE - from Animal Health Australia
Disease plan from Ausvet

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