9.3 The Acidic Environment

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General information	Indicators	Acids in the atmosphere
Acids in food, drink and our body	Defining acids	Esterification

The Acidic Environment - lecture notes by Dr Peter Chia and Alex Durie (The University of New South Wales) in pdf format from the 2000 Year 12 HSC workshop for teachers
http://www.chem.unsw.edu.au/highschool/acid.pdf

Acid and Base pH Tutorial - from Vision Learning
http://www.visionlearning.com/library/module_viewer.php?mid=58

REGIONAL TECHNICIANS GROUP Problems and Solutions - Recipes - contains recipes for artifical urine, blood, pH solutions and saliva
http://www.rtg.wa.edu.au/solution/probsoln.htm

The Virtual Chemistry Laboratory - simulated laboratory investigation of acids, bases and indicators from The IrYdium Project (Java enhanced interactive chemistry) at Carnegie Mellon University, requires Java Plugin 1.3, Windows only
http://ir.chem.cmu.edu/irproject/applets/virtuallab/

Acids and bases: Frequestly asked questions from General Chemistry Online!, Frostburg State University including What household substances can be used as acid/base indicators? and What are some natural acid/base indicators?
http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/acidbase/faq.shtml

What is pH? - from California Environment Protection Agency
http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/nps/docs/ph_definition.doc

Vegetable Dyes as Indicators - Lab worksheet from Centre College, Kentucky, for producing and testing natural indicators
http://web.centre.edu/beilstein/131L/dye_indicator.pdf

Making a Natural pH Indicator - from US Environmental Protection Agency
http://www.epa.gov/airmarkets/acidrain/experiments/exp3.html

NATURAL INDICATORS: HOW DO THEY WORK? - from Carnegie Mellon University, describes characteristics and common uses of acids and bases
http://www.cmu.edu/gipse/materials/pdf-2001/natural_ph_indicators.pdf

Acid Rain experiments - from Environmental Protection Agency, USA
http://www.epa.gov/airmarkets/acidrain/experiments/index.html

The pH Factors! - from the Miami Museum of Science set at an junior level but with some useful information such as Indicators and their Ranges
http://www.miamisci.org/ph/default.html

Acid - Base Indicators and Titrations - commonly used indicators for titrations with their pH range, from the Imperial College, UK
http://www.ch.ic.ac.uk/vchemlib/course/indi/indicator.html

Acid Rain Program - from the US Environmental Protection Agency with special emphasis on sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides as the source of pollution
http://www.epa.gov/airmarkets/arp/

Acid Rain - includes definition and effects of acid rain, experiments and activities from the US Environmental Protection Agency
http://www.epa.gov/airmarkets/acidrain/

Chemistry and the Environment - a 58 page booklet on this topic from the ChemSoc (Chemical Society) which includes a section on Acid Rain, download in pdf format
http://www.chemsoc.org/networks/learnnet/chem_env.htm

Chemistry Now - Chemistry of the atmosphere - a 5 page leaflet on this topic from the ChemSoc (Chemical Society), download in pdf format
http://www.chemsoc.org/networks/learnnet/chemnow_atmos.htm

IS ACID RAIN A THING OF THE PAST? - from United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
http://www.unece.org/press/97env12.htm

Frequently asked questions on Acid Rain - what it is, where does it come from and what are its effects
http://www.ns.ec.gc.ca/aeb/ssd/acid/acidfaq.html

Acid rain and The Nation's Capital - from the US Geological Survey
http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/acidrain/contents.html

Isopleth maps - from National Atmospheric Deposition Program, US Geological Survey showing maps of US for each year 1994 to 1998 of various indicators of atmospheric pollution e.g. pH, SO₄, NO₃
http://nadp.sws.uiuc.edu/isopleths/

HENRI LOUIS LE CHATELIER A Man of Principle - brief discussion of Le Chatelier and his work from the Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation
http://www.woodrow.org/teachers/ci/1992/LeChatelier.html

Water Analysis-Dissolved Carbon Dioxide (CO2) - a simple experiment to determine the amount of dissolved CO2 in a water sample - from Eastern Oregon University
http://www.adbio.com/science/analysis/co2.htm

Download an Excel spreadsheet/database which contains selected information on naturally occurring acids and bases. If available, a suitable web site (URL) has been added. Requires Microsoft Excel to open the file.

Simulated Stomach - a laboratory investigation of types of aspirin (buffered, enteric and regular) from ChemCenter, American Chemical Society
http://www.chemistry.org/portal/a/c/s/1/acsdisplay.html?DOC=vc2%5C12do%5Cdo12_aspirin.html

Worksheet for simulated stomach http://www.sciencenetlinks.com/pdfs/acid2_actsheet.pdf

Approximate pH of Foods and Food Products - from Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U. S. Food and Drug Administration
http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~comm/lacf-phs.html

Acid Base Table of Contents - from Diamond Bar High School ChemTeam covers the development of the acid base theory with links to the theories of Lavoisier, Davy, Arrhenius, Brönsted-Lowry, Sörenson and Lewis
http://dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us/webdocs/AcidBase/AcidBase.html

Esters: The Secret of Natural and Synthetic Fragrances - laboratory procedure from Science and Mathematics Initiative for Learning Enhancement, Illinois Institute of Technology
http://www.iit.edu/~smile/ch9205.html

Preparation of Artificial Flavorings and Fragrances - laboratory procedure from Science and Mathematics Initiative for Learning Enhancement, Illinois Institute of Technology
http://www.iit.edu/~smile/ch8805.html

TOPS ESTERIFICATION LAB - from Teachers + Occidental = Partnership in Science outreach program
http://www.oxy.edu/departments/tops/Esters/estershome.htm

The chemistry of passion fruit - from Department of Chemistry, University of the West Indies
http://wwwchem.uwimona.edu.jm:1104/lectures/psnfruit.html

How Does Wine Get Its Flavor? - from the Global Gourmet
http://www.globalgourmet.com/food/egg/egg1197/wineflav.html

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