8.5 Energy

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General information	Living organisms	Carbon - the elements and its compounds
Extraction from organic sources	Combustion	Energy release

Educational Resources - from Australian Petroleum Production and Exploration Ltd inlcudes Petroleum Topics (A series of on-line fact sheets, designed for secondary students, covering various aspects and issues of the petroleum industry - Refining of Petroleum, Alternative Transport Fuels)
http://www.appea.com.au/edusite/html/educational.html

Official Energy Statistics - from Energy Information Administration
http://www.eia.doe.gov/fueloverview.html

Renewable Energy Web Quest - from Sandwich High School, USA
http://www.sandwich.k12.ma.us/webquest/renewable/renewable.htm

Energy Information Portal - from Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, US Depratment of Energy
http://www.eere.energy.gov/

Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis - from Botany Online - The Internet Hypertextbook from Hamburg University
http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/e24/24.htm

Photosynthesis Directory - from MIT Biology hypertextbook
http://web.mit.edu/esgbio/www/ps/psdir.html

Fossil Fuels Presentation - from University of Michigan
http://www.umich.edu/~gs265/society/fossilfuels.htm

Explore Australia's Petroleum Industry - includes free booklet and downloadable Fact Sheets on petroleum topics
http://www.appea.com.au/Publications/Educational.asp

Facts on Minerals: Coal - includes information about location, processing and uses of both black and brown coal, from Minerals Council of Australia
http://www.minerals.org.au/education/secondary/secondary_resources/factsheets/coal

Clean Fuels: An Overview - from Environment Protection Agency
http://www.epa.gov/otaq/consumer/06-clean.txt

Learning About Fossil Fuels - from US Department of Energy
http://fossil.energy.gov/education/energylessons/index.html

AUSTRALIAN SCIENTISTS FIND WORLD'S OLDEST OIL - CSIRO Media release
http://www.csiro.au/news/mediarel/mr1998/mr98254.html

Energy Resources: Fossil Fuels - from James Cook University of North Queensland
http://tesla.jcu.edu.au/schools/earth/EA1002/Energy/world_energy_sources.htm

Coalfield maps for NSW - from Primary Industries:Minerals
http://www.minerals.nsw.gov.au/__data/page/236/coalfield_geol.pdf

Oil refining images
How Stuff Works:  http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/oil-refining-diagram.gif
Encarta:  http://encarta.msn.com/media_461531189/Oil_Refining_and_Fractional_Distillation.html

Carbon - from WebElements
http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/C/key.html

Carbon - from Chemical Elements
http://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/c.html

Buckyballs - a new sphere of science - from NOVA, Australian Academy of Science
http://www.science.org.au/nova/024/024key.htm

Bucky Ball Images - from Google
http://www.google.com/images?q=Bucky%20Balls

Carbon -from Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon

Allotropy - with links to the allotropes of Carbon, Graphite, Diamond and Fullerenes or Buckyballs
http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/Allotropy

What do these items have in common? - from The Allotropes of Carbon, this tutorial contains applets showing structures
http://invsee.asu.edu/Modules/carbon/question.htm

Hydrocarbon Models - 3-D models - from NY University
http://www.nyu.edu/pages/mathmol/library/hydrocarbons/

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) - 3-D models of simple molecules, including methane
http://www.shef.ac.uk/chemistry/vsepr/

3-D Virtual Chemistry Library - 3-D models of some simple fuels, that can be manipulated by the student
http://www.ch.ic.ac.uk/vchemlib/mol/mol.html

Chemical Bonds and Groups - Part 1 - useful graphic from Access Excellence, download in pdf for printing
http://www.accessexcellence.com/AB/GG/chemBonds1.html

Chemical Bonds and Groups - Part 2 - useful graphic from Access Excellence, download in pdf for printing
http://www.accessexcellence.com/AB/GG/chemBonds2.html

Fractional Distillation of Crude Oil: BOILING POINTS AND STRUCTURES OF HYDROCARBONS - from Elmhurst College
http://elmhcx9.elmhurst.edu/~chm/onlcourse/chm110/outlines/distill.html

How Oil Refining Works - from How Stuff Works
Composition of crude oil

Organic Chemistry - includes Alkanes and Alkenes
http://members.aol.com/logan20/organic.html

Carbon-based Compounds and Functional Groups - from Clermont College Biology Page
http://biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/bio104/carbon.htm

SAFETY IN THE LABORATORY

Safety in the Laboratory - Roanoke Valley Governor's School
http://www.chem.vt.edu/RVGS/ACT/lab/safety_rules.html

Laboratory Safety Rules - from University of Queensland
http://studenthelp.itee.uq.edu.au/ohs/page3.html#labsafety

Flammables - from Texas A and M University
http://safety.science.tamu.edu/flammables.html

Education Resources - from Australian Petroleum Production and Exploration Ltd
http://www.appea.com.au/edusite/educationresources.asp

How Oil Refining Works -from How Stuff Works: Printable version
http://science.howstuffworks.com/oil-refining.htm/printable

Introducting Ethanol - from Government, Manitoba
http://www.gov.mb.ca/est/energy/ethanol/introeth.html

World Ethanol Production and Trade to 2000 and Beyond - from THE ONLINE DISTILLERY NETWORK FOR DISTILLERIES & FUEL ETHANOL PLANTS WORLDWIDE
http://www.distill.com/berg/

Ethanol for Hawaii - from NewFuel.com
http://www.hawaii.gov/dbedt/ert/new-fuel/

The Heat of Combustion of Paraffin - determine the heat of combustion of paraffin experimentally with this procedure from Louisiana State University
http://www.chem.lsu.edu/htdocs/people/lgbutler/1202_Fall96/SupMat/LectDemo_HeatOfCombst.html

Notes on Kinetics - including What is Activation Energy? - from Virginia Tech Chemistry Department
http://www.chem.vt.edu/RVGS/ACT/notes/Kinetics_intro.html

Catalysts - compares the use of iron and ruthenium catalysts for ammonia synthesis
http://engn.anu.edu.au/solar/solarth/res/cat.html

Effects of temperature, concentration, catalysts, inhibitors on reaction rates - from University of Illinois at Chicago
http://www.chem.uic.edu/marek/apintropage/ap_notes/chapter18/rateseffectstempconcats.htm

Chemical Kinetics (or Reaction Rates) - includes detailed outline and links, from ChemSite
 http://chemsite.lsrhs.net/chemKinetics/outlineKinetics.html

Rates Of Reaction including Factors That Affect Reaction Rates and Activation Energy and the Activated Complex - from Thousand Islands Secondary School
http://www.ucdsb.on.ca/tiss/stretton/chem2/ratex.htm

Notes on the Rates of Chemical Reactions - from GSCE Chemistry, includes quizzes
http://www.docbrown.info/page03/3_31rates.htm

Student Science Experiments - from AlkaSeltzer
http://www.alka-seltzer.com/asp/asp_studentscience_ex1.html

A Colorful Clock Reaction: Guided Investigation from University of Maine - includes downloadable procedure and report forms
http://www.usm.maine.edu/chy/manuals/116/text/Kinet.html

How Catalytic Converters Work - from How Stuff Works
http://www.howstuffworks.com/catalytic-converter.htm

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