9.9 Forensic Chemistry

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General information	Organic material - plant or animal	Specific carbohydrate compounds	Lipids in forensic chemistry
Proteins in forensic chemistry	DNA in forensic chemistry	Microscopy	Light spectroscopy

Radioisotopes reveal victim's life and death - from Technology, New Scientists
http://technology.newscientist.com/article/dn3489

Isotopes could improve forensics - from BBC
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3632770.stm

New test to unmask Milat mystery - from The Daily Telegraph
http://www.news.com.au/dailytelegraph/story/0,22049,22900009-5007132,00.html

Forensic scientists unveil new techniques - from The Guardian
http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2004/sep/06/forensicscience

Major Crime Cases - can you help? - from Dorset Police, UK
http://www.dorset.police.uk/default.aspx?page=466

Strands of hair could be key to unsolved murder case - from The Guardian
http://www.guardian.co.uk/crime/article/0,,2209421,00.html

Forensic Chemistry - from HSC Online
http://hsc.csu.edu.au/chemistry/options/forensic/

Forensic Chemistry - a web site from Murdoch University
http://wwwscience.murdoch.edu.au/teaching/m235/forensicchem.htm

Advances in Forensics - reading/writing activity from Haapsalu Writing Team, British Council
http://www.learnenglish.org.uk/militaryenglish/Teachers/pol1Advances%20in%20Forensics.pdf

Bones and the Badge - a WebQuest from Technology Challenge Grants, Kearny High School
http://projects.edtech.sandi.net/kearny/forensic/

REGIONAL TECHNICIANS GROUP Problems and Solutions - Recipes - contains recipes for artifical urine, blood, pH solutions and saliva
http://www.rtg.wa.edu.au/solution/probsoln.htm

National Measurement Institute
http://www.measurement.gov.au/

NSW Police Online Forensic Services Group
http://www.police.nsw.gov.au/about_us/structure/specialist_operations/forensic_services

Chemical Detective - from Deakin University
http://agrippina.bcs.deakin.edu.au/bcs_courses/forensic/Chemical%20Detective/index.htm

CSI: Crime Seen, Investigated - from The Why Files
http://whyfiles.org/014forensic/

Young Forensic Scientists Forum
http://www.aafs.org/yfsf/index.htm

Forensic Sciences Education Center - from Criminal Justaice Institute of Arkansas University, several useful web page links are given
http://www.crime-scene-investigator.net/index.html

Speckin Forensic Laboratories - commercial forensic services web site, illustrates many methods of investigation
http://www.4N6.com/

Was this fire deliberate? - commercial forensic services web site, illustrates arson investigations
http://www.tcforensic.com.au/
See other TC Articles in particular:

Is it an Accidental Fire or Arson?
The Science & "Art" of Fire Investigation
Electrical Appliance Fires
Sampling Debris at the Fire Scene

Crime & Clues - The Art and Science of Criminal Investigation
http://www.crimeandclues.com/

A Day in the Life of a Forensic Scientist - from Notebook Magazine
http://www.notebookmagazine.com/community/article/3/Forensic-Scientist

A Beginner's Primer on the Investigation of Forensic Evidence - from Scientific Testimony: An Online Journal
http://www.scientific.org/tutorials/articles/kruglick/kruglick.html

GC/MS Analysis - from Scientific Testimony: An Online Journal
http://www.scientific.org/tutorials/articles/gcms.html

A Case Study Involving the Chemical Detection of Cocaine-Contaminated Currency - from Case Studies in Science Education Workshop, State University of New York at Buffalo
http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/projects/cases/lucre_notes.html

The Restless Sleep - NYC Cold Case Squad Blog
http://www.therestlesssleep.com/

Special Projects in Analytical Chemistry
http://www.spectrometer.org/path/projects.html

The Mystery Spot - at Access Excellence
http://www.accessexcellence.org/AE/mspot/

Forensic Chemistry - a unit of work produced by students in the MTeach course at The University of Sydney, 2000
http://alex.edfac.usyd.edu.au/methods/science/studentwork/ForensicChem.html

FDA'S Forensic Center: Speedy, Sophisticated Sleuthing - from the US Food and Drug Administration
http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/695_forensic.html

Forensic Microanalysis - includes electrom microscopy and scanning, from North Carolina Wesleyan College
http://faculty.ncwc.edu/TOConnor/425/425lect04.htm

Forensic Chemistry Lab Manual - MS Word Document, from Florida International University
http://www.fiu.edu/~mccordb/Manualv7.2.doc

Gunshot residues Under the Microscope - from ABC
http://www.abc.net.au/science/news/stories/s1035054.htm

Marine Forensics Brochure - download in pdf, from Marine Forensics Branch, Center for Coastal Environmental Health & Biomolecular Research
http://www.chbr.noaa.gov/categories/mf/pdfs/MF_brochure.pdf

Forensic Scientists - from The Thin Blue Line, unofficial web site of NSW Police
http://www.policensw.com/info/forensic/forensic1.html

Forensic Toxicology - from North Carolina Wesleyan College
http://faculty.ncwc.edu/toconnor/425/425lect14.htm

The Code of Ethics - from The Australian and New Zealand Forensic Science Society
http://www.anzfss.org.au/code_of_ethics.htm

Discussion Points

Bad Science
http://www.csu.edu.au/learning/eis/badscience.html

The job of the forensic chemist - from HSC Online, scroll to bottom of article for reference to Azaria Chamberlain Case
http://hsc.csu.edu.au/chemistry/options/forensic/2771/ch991.htm#b2

DNA leads cold-case squad to first arrest - article from Sydney Morning Herald
http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2005/01/18/1105810915800.html?from=top5

Norfolk Island accused admitted hitting victim with car, court told - article from The Age newspaper
http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/norfolk-accused-admitted-hitting-victim-with-car/2006/02/09/1139465796976.html

Norfolk murder victim hit by car, court hears - from ABC Online
http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200602/s1566162.htm

Episode 8: DNA - from Law Matters, ABC
http://www.abc.net.au/tv/lawmatters/s330325.htm

TECHNOLOGY - DNA - from The Age, Education
http://www.education.theage.com.au/pagedetail.asp?intpageid=1026&strsection=students&intsectionid=10

Organic Compounds- in Google type "Define: organic compounds"

Moldata resources in Organic Chemistry - from Pomona College
http://pages.pomona.edu/~wsteinmetz/OrgChem.htm

Organic compounds - from Answers.com
http://www.answers.com/topic/organic-compound

Inorganic Compounds - in Google type "Define: inorganic compounds"

What is the difference detween an inorganic and organic compound? - a discussion, from the Mad Science Network
http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/dec2000/975719013.Ch.r.html

Water and organic molecules - from Maricopa Community Colleges
http://www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookCHEM2.html

Carbohydrates: Qualitative Tests - from Park University, Goole's Cached copy
http://apple.cmu.edu.tw/~a001003/Carbohydrates%20-%20Qualitative%20Tests.htm

Qualitative Tests for Carbohydrates - from modular laboratory program in chemistry, CHEMICAL EDUCATION RESOURCES, Thomson/Brooks/Cole
http://www.cerlabs.com/experiments/10875404464.pdf

The job of the forensic chemist - Distinguishing Tests for carbon Compounds, from HSC On-line
http://hsc.csu.edu.au/chemistry/options/forensic/2771/ch991.htm#b2

Volatile organic compounds in pharmaceutical products and biological materials - including some 'real-life' applications, Dr Zeno's Forensic Site
http://forensic.to/webhome/jan/

Sugars Picture Gallery - Chemistry Pictures
http://www.eccentrix.com/members/chempics/Sugars.html

Biochemistry of Carbohydrates - from Indiana State University
http://www.indstate.edu/thcme/mwking/carbohydrates.html

Higher Sugars and Polymers - from Rensselaer Polytchnic Institute
http://www.rpi.edu/dept/chem-eng/Biotech-Environ/FUNDAMNT/sugpoly.htm

Starch and Cellulose - from Rensselaer Polytchnic Institute
http://www.rpi.edu/dept/chem-eng/Biotech-Environ/FUNDAMNT/cellulos.htm

Glycogen - from Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycogen

Reducing Sugars - from Rensselaer Polytchnic Institute
http://www.rpi.edu/dept/chem-eng/Biotech-Environ/FUNDAMNT/reducing.htm

Fehling's Test - from University of Regensburg
http://www.uni-regensburg.de/Fakultaeten/nat_Fak_IV/Organische_Chemie/Didaktik/Keusch/D-Fehling-e.htm

Test for Starch - from University of Regensburg
http://www.uni-regensburg.de/Fakultaeten/nat_Fak_IV/Organische_Chemie/Didaktik/Keusch/D-Starch-e.htm

Chitin Research - from University of Delaware
http://www.ocean.udel.edu/horseshoecrab/Research/chitin.html

What is chitin? - from European Chitin Society
http://www.euchis.org/

Structure and Function of Fungi: Wall composition - from Fungal Biology, The University of Sydney
http://bugs.bio.usyd.edu.au/Mycology/StructureFunction/wallComposition.shtml

Chitosan fails to reduce kilos, finds study - from Nutra Ingredients
http://nutraingredients.com/news/news-NG.asp?n=54313-chitosan-fails-to

Hyaluronic Acid (Hyaluronan) - from Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyaluronic_acid

Lipids Picture Gallery - Chemistry Pictures
http://www.eccentrix.com/members/chempics/Lipids.html

Lipids and membrane Structure - from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
http://www.rpi.edu/dept/bcbp/molbiochem/MBWeb/mb1/part2/lipid.htm

Biochemistry of Lipids - from Indiana State University
http://www.indstate.edu/thcme/mwking/lipids.html

Chemical Dating Techniques For Latent Fingerprints: A Preliminary Report - a paper reprinted from Identification News
http://www.scafo.org/library/110501.html

Ridge Detail at a Crime Scene - from Crime Scene Investigations and Miami-Dade Police Department: Crime Scene Investigations
http://www.crime-scene-investigator.net/prints.html

Latent Fingerprint Chemicals - from Evidence Collection & Protection, Inc.
http://www.crime-scene.com/ecpi/chem_index.shtml

Simple Forensic Science experiments - from Think Quest
http://library.thinkquest.org/04oct/00206/text_i_experiments.htm

Cyanoacrylate (Superglue) Fuming Tips - method for doing a latent fingerprint examination
http://onin.com/fp/cyanoho.html

Simple test for Amino Acids - from General Chemistry Online
http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/organic/faq/amino-acid-test.shtml

Peptide Geometry - from University of London, two Pages
http://www.cryst.bbk.ac.uk/PPS95/course/3_geometry/peptide1.html
http://www.cryst.bbk.ac.uk/PPS95/course/3_geometry/peptide2.html

General enzymology of proteases - enzymes which break peptide bonds, from University of Paisley
http://www-biol.paisley.ac.uk/Courses/Enzymes/glossary/Protease.htm

Molecules of Life- Proteins -from 2Can Bioinformatics Education Resource - first of 5 web pages
http://www.ebi.ac.uk/2can/biology/molecules_proteins.html

Protein Picture Gallery - from Chemistry Pictures
http://www.eccentrix.com/members/chempics/Proteins.html

Electrophoresis Simulation Site - from Rochester Institute of Technology, includes a simulation of the electrophoresis of protein and DNA (DNA simulation requires Chime plug-in)
http://www.rit.edu/~pac8612/electro/E_Sim.html

DESKTOP ELECTROPHORESIS LAB - MOVING MOLECULES - from Access Excellence - build an electrophoresis box
http://www.accessexcellence.org/AE/AEPC/WWC/1993/moving.html

Build a Gel Electrophoresis Chamber ACTIVITY OVERVIEW - from Genetic Science Learning Center, University of Utah
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/units/basics/print-and-go/gel_electro.cfm
and
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/teachers/files/gelbox_build2.pdf

Electrophoresis: Casting and Loading an Agarose Gel - from NERDS, University of Nebraska–Lincoln
http://nerds.unl.edu/pages/preser/sec/skills/gel.html

TOPS Fish Protein Lab - Compare proteins from different species of fish - Includes a lot of downloadable materials, from Occidental College
http://departments.oxy.edu/tops/Fishprotein/fishproteinhome.htm

Separations in the Middle School Classroom using Chromatography and Electrophoresis - from Washington State University
http://www.che.wsu.edu/home/modules/94modules/davis/chromatography.html

SDS POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL ELECTROPHORESIS (SDS-PAGE) - a desription of electrophoresis from the University of Cape Town
http://www.uct.ac.za/microbiology/sdspage.html

Paper Chromatography - a PowerPoint slide show from University of Houston
http://home.bchs.uh.edu/~wwidger/lectures/lecture8b/

Experiment 10: Paper Chromatography of Food Dyes and Amino Acids - a laboratory procedure for separate a mixture of amino acids obtained from the hydrolysis of a protein, from Capitol University
http://capital2.capital.edu/faculty/wbecktel/AmAc.htm

Thin layer chromatography for plant pigments - from Science and Plants for Schools, Cambridge University
http://www-saps.plantsci.cam.ac.uk/worksheets/ssheets/ssheet10.htm

Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) - from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
http://www.chem.vt.edu/chem-ed/sep/tlc/tlc.html

DNA and Forensic Science Criminal Investigation - extensive list of online resources
http://www.karisable.com/crdna.htm

FORENSIC SAMPLING AND DNA DATABASES IN CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS - from Victorian Law Reform Committee: Past Inquiries
http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/lawreform/Forensic%20Sampling%20&%20DNA/Main%20Page.html

DNA Testing: An Introduction For Non-Scientists An Illustrated Explanation - an online tutorial from Scientific Testimony: An online journal
http://www.scientific.org/tutorials/articles/riley/riley.html

DNA Forensics - from the Human Genome Project
http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/elsi/forensics.shtml

Colorful Electrophoresis - from Genetic Science Learning Center, University of Utah
http://gslc.genetics.utah.edu/units/activities/electrophoresis/

DNA profiling interactive - from Biotechnology Australia, requires Macromedia Flash Player
http://www.biotechnologyonline.gov.au/popups/int_dnaprofiling.cfm

Teacher notes on student worksheets and interactive activities - from Biotechnology Australia
http://www.biotechnologyonline.gov.au/human/dnaprofile.cfm

Create a DNA Fingerprint - an interactive activity from NOVA Online, PBS
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sheppard/analyze.html

Problem Sets & Tutorials including DNA Forensics Problem Set 1 and DNA Forensics Problem Set 2 from the Australian mirror site of "The Biology Project", University of Arizona
http://science.uniserve.edu.au/mirror/biolproject/human_bio/human_bio.html

Problem-Based Learning at the University of Delaware - see activities "Case Study Problem in Molecular Evolution" and "Whose Embryo Is It, Anyway?"
http://www.udel.edu/pbl/problems/

The Mystery Spot at Access Excellence - see activities "Who Done It?" and "Where's the CAT? A DNA Profiling Activity"
http://www.accessexcellence.org/AE/mspot/

The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence - from National Academic Press
http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/DNA/

DNA Forensics: Paternity - an exercise from the University of Virginia
http://www.people.virginia.edu/~rjh9u/forenspt.html

DNA Forensics: Crime - an exercise from the University of Virginia
http://www.people.virginia.edu/~rjh9u/forenscr.html

From Fingerprints to DNA - from the Lab, ABC Science Online
http://www.abc.net.au/science/slab/forensic/default.htm

Recombinant DNA Chapter Directory - in the MIT Biology Hypertextbook from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
http://web.mit.edu/esgbio/www/rdna/rdnadir.html

An Interview with DNA Forensics Authority Dr. Bruce Weir
http://www.accessexcellence.org/WN/NM/interview_dr_bruce_weir.html

Use of DNA in Identification - excerpt of a talk by Eric Lander, from Access Excellence
http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/AB/BA/Use_of_DNA_Identification.html

DNA on the Witness Stand - talk by Eric Lander from Access Excellence
http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/AB/WYW/lander/lander_1.html

DNA Fingerprinting in Human Health and Society - from Access Excellence
http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/AB/BA/DNA_Fingerprinting_Basics.html

DNA Fingerprinting in Human Health and Society - from Iowa State University
http://www.extension.iastate.edu/Publications/NCR550.pdf
also at
http://www.biotech.iastate.edu/biotech_info_series/bio6.html

A Primer in DNA Structure and Function - from the University of Michigan
http://seqcore.brcf.med.umich.edu/doc/educ/dnapr/

Forensics - from Lost on Everest, using DNA to identify bodies of mountainclimbers lost on Mt Everest, from NOVA Online, PBS
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/everest/lost/search/forensics.html

DNA Detective - a very simple interactive that illustrates the use of DNA in identifying products from endangered animals, from American Museum of Natural History
http://ology.amnh.org/genetics/dnadetective/

Electron Microscope Unit -from The University of Sydney - SCHOOLS OUTREACH
http://neutron.emu.usyd.edu.au/emu/schools.php?PHPSESSID=97505ca2416155480ea50cb430b5c9d5

X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY: DESCRIPTION OF TECHNIQUE from the Handbook of Analytical Methods, Materials Evaluation and Engineering, Inc
http://www.mee-inc.com/esca.html

ESCA - Electron Spectropscopy for Chemical Analysis - from University of Buffalo
http://www.sdm.buffalo.edu/scic/esca.html

X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy - from University of Maryland
http://www.chem.umd.edu/facility/xps.php

X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy - from Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, STanford University
http://www-group.slac.stanford.edu/sms/xrayspectroscopy.html

What is XPS? - with animation from Northwestern University
http://www.nuance.northwestern.edu/KeckII/xps1.asp

Atomic Force Microscopy: DESCRIPTION OF TECHNIQUE - from the Handbook of Analytical Methods, Materials Evaluation and Engineering, Inc
http://www.mee-inc.com/afm.html

Atomic Force Microscopy - Examples - from the Handbook of Analytical Methods, Materials Evaluation and Engineering, Inc
http://www.mee-inc.com/afm1.html

Welcome to the Atomic Force Microscopy Lab - from Stephen F. Austin State University
http://www.physics.sfasu.edu/afm/afm.htm

Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) - from the National Institute of Standards and Technology
http://www.bfrl.nist.gov/nanoscience/BFRL_AFM.htm

ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY - from the University of Guelph
http://www.chembio.uoguelph.ca/educmat/chm729/afm/firstpag.htm

ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY: How AFM works - from The Naval Research Laboratory
http://stm2.nrl.navy.mil/how-afm/how-afm.html

The IAP/TU Wien STM Gallery - from Institut für Allgemeine Physik, TU Wien, includes The Scanning Tunneling Microscope: What it is and how it works ... and images
http://www.iap.tuwien.ac.at/www/surface/STM_Gallery/stm_schematic.html

Nobel Prize Winners 1986

Gerd Binning - from Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerd_Binnig

Heinrich Rohrer - from Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Rohrer

Scanning Tunneling Microscope - from Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanning_tunneling_microscope

Scanning Tunneling Microscopy - images through a scanning tunnelling microscope from Google Images
http://images.google.com.au/images?q=Scanning+Tunnelling+Microscopy&hl=en&btnG=Search+Images
also
http://images.google.com.au/images?svnum=10&hl=en&q=Scanning+Tunneling+Microscopy&spell=1

MICROSCOPY, SCANNING TUNNELING - by VIRGINIA M. AYRES, Michigan State University
http://www.virginiaayres.com/PDFs/2006_3.pdf

SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE - from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Virtual Museum
http://physics.nist.gov/GenInt/STM/stm.html

The Scanning Tunnelling Microscope - from Educational Games, Nobel Prize Site
http://nobelprize.org/educational_games/physics/microscopes/scanning/index.html

Moving Atoms: Welcome to the STM Gallery - from IBM Almaden Research Center Visualisation Laboratory, contains beautiful images
http://www.almaden.ibm.com/vis/stm/gallery.html

Mass spectrometer - from Columbia University
http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~etg/ms_ms/Mass_spectrometer.html

Mass Spectrometry - an interactive tutorial showing how a mass spectrometer works from The Organic Chemistry Virtual Tutor at Colby College, requires Shockwave
http://www.colby.edu/chemistry/OChem/DEMOS/MassSpec.html

GC/MS Drug Testers Face Olympian Challenge - an article from Today's Chemist at Work, online journal
http://pubs.acs.org/subscribe/journals/tcaw/10/i05/html/05macneil.html

Spectrometry Aids "New and Improved" - an article from Today's Chemist at Work, online journal
http://pubs.acs.org/subscribe/journals/tcaw/10/i05/html/05inst.html

Precious Provenance - an article on using spectroscopy to trace metals in gemstones from Today's Chemist at Work, online journal
http://pubs.acs.org/subscribe/journals/tcaw/10/i03/html/03lesney.html

Fighting Crime with Specificity - an article from Today's Chemist at Work, online journal
http://pubs.acs.org/subscribe/journals/tcaw/10/i02/html/02inst.html

Introduction to Spectroscopy - from Michigan State University
http://www.cem.msu.edu/~reusch/VirtualText/Spectrpy/spectro.htm

MASS SPECTROSCOPY MENU - from Understanding Chemistry, ChemGuide, UK
http://www.chemguide.co.uk/analysis/masspecmenu.html

On-Line Interactive Programs - from Physics Education Research Group, Kansas State University, include both Emission and Absorption Spectroscopy and Infra-red Detector and Fluorescence Luminescence, require Shockwave
http://phys.educ.ksu.edu/vqm/

SPECTROSCOPY - from Virginia Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
http://www.chem.vt.edu/chem-ed/crossref/ac-spectroscopy.html

Expanding The Scope of Forensic Science - an article originally in Today's Chemist
http://pubs.acs.org/hotartcl/tcaw/00/oct/atkinson.html

Spectral Lines - from Physics2000 at University of Colorado at Boulder, inlcudes an interactive simulated spectrometer that allows the investigation of sodium and mercury
http://www.colorado.EDU/physics/2000/quantumzone/

Light and Colour - the physics of coloured fireworks, from University of Oulu
http://cc.oulu.fi/~kempmp/colours.html

INFRA-RED SPECTROSCOPY MENU - from Understanding Chemistry, ChemGuide, UK
http://www.chemguide.co.uk/analysis/irmenu.html

Infra Red Spectroscopy of Alcohols and their Oxidation Products - from Mike Docker, The Sixth Form College
http://www.mp-docker.demon.co.uk/as_a2/topics/infra_red/

Infrared Spectroscopy - from Michigan State University
http://www.cem.msu.edu/~reusch/VirtualText/Spectrpy/InfraRed/infrared.htm#ir1

Visible and Ultraviolet Spectroscopy - from Michigan State University
http://www.cem.msu.edu/~reusch/VirtualText/Spectrpy/UV-Vis/spectrum.htm#uv1

Introduction to IR Spectra - from University of California Los Angeles
http://www.chem.ucla.edu/~webspectra/irintro.html

Forensic Applications of Infrared Spectroscopy - includes an online Poster Presentation of analysis using Raman Spectroscopy from Andor Technology
http://www.mtholyoke.edu/~mlyount/MySites/ForensicSpectroscopy/ForensicApps.html

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