| UniServe Science | Earth and Environmental Science Table of Contents |
| Dating rocks | Plate Tectonics - general information | Evidence for plate tectonics - seafloor spreading |
| Gondwanaland and Pangaea | Australian specific resources | Historical development of theory |
Evidence for age of Australian continent
Radioactive datingOldest rocks in AustraliaVirtual Dating - interactive on Radiocarbon dating and Radiometric dating from California State University
http://vcourseware4.calstatela.edu/VirtualDating/
also
http://www.sciencecourseware.com/VirtualDating/Learning from the Fossil Record - from University of California, Berkeley
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/fosrec/Learning.htmlThe Talk.Origins Archive (Exploring the Creation/Evolution Controversy) - especially the Browse the Archive which contains some alternative theories
http://www.talkorigins.org/Radiometric Dating and the Geological Time Scale: Circular Reasoning or Reliable Tools? - from TalkOrigins
http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/dating.htmlRelative Dating Laboratory - from Georgia Perimeter College
http://www.gpc.edu/%7Epgore/geology/historical_lab/relativedating.htmRadiometric Dating - from Georgia Perimeter College
http://www.gpc.edu/~pgore/geology/geo102/radioa.htmGeologic Time - from US Geological Survey
http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/geotime/Geochronology - from US Geological Survey
http://wrgis.wr.usgs.gov/wgmt/common/geochronology.htmlHow do you radiometrically date sedimentary rocks? - from California State University at Long Beach
http://seis.natsci.csulb.edu/rbehl/integration.htmGeologic Age: Using Radioactive Decay to Determine Geologic Age - from The Learning Web, United States Geological Survey
http://interactive2.usgs.gov/learningweb/teachers/geoage.htmClocks in Rocks: Isotopes and Age of Earth - from Global Change, University of Michigan
http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange1/current/lectures/clocks_in_rocks/clocks_in_rocks.htmlGeologic Time Scale Analogy - from Miami University
http://jrscience.wcp.muohio.edu/lab/GeoTime.html
Australia before Time - from Australian Heritage
http://www.ahc.gov.au/publications/geofossil/window.htmlEarlier Water on Earth? Oldest Rock Suggests Hospitable Young Planet - from National Science Foundation
World's Oldest Rocks Suggest Early Earth Was Habitable - from National Geographic
http://www.nsf.gov/od/lpa/news/press/01/pr0102.htm
News Photos - microscopic view of a zircon crystal determined to be 4.4 billion years old, from University of Wisconsin-Madison
http://www.news.wisc.edu/newsphotos/zircon.htmlTeachers notes – Professor Bill Compston: Isotope geochemist - from Australian Academy of Science
http://www.science.org.au/scientists/notesbc.htm
Crustal Plates - general information
Crustal plates - what and where
Continents on the Move - from Nova Online
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ice/continents/Plate tectonics - from Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonicsEvolving Earth: Plate Tectonics - from University of Michigan, crustal plate interactive map, needs Shockwave
http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange1/current/lectures/evolving_earth/evolving_earth.htmlThe Crust - a ThinkQuest
http://mediatheek.thinkquest.nl/~ll125/en/crust.htmTeaching Plate Tectonics with Easy-to-Draw Illustrations The next time you teach plate tectonics, consider a draw-with-me presentation that will engage your students and help them understand the spatial and movement aspects of plate boundary environments.
http://geology.com/nsta/CPO Science - PowerPoint presentation on Plate tectonics and map analysis, map can be captured as a screen dump
http://www.cpo.com/powerpoint/bathymetric_map.ppt#282,1,Slide 1Earth Education Online Teacher's Manual Draft - Chapter 4: Plate Tectonics, an inexpensive CD is available for student use e.g. 20 pack is $30 US
http://earthednet.org/Support/ODP/TeachersMan.htmlEarth Ed CD Our Dynamic Planet
http://earthednet.org/ODP_Advert/odp_onepage.htmBathymetric map of world Black and white
http://whale.wheelock.edu/whalenet-stuff/MAPSindex/images/world10x8BWBathymetric.jpg
Background and general information
It's Just a Theory - a WebQuest produced by UniServe Science on the Theory of Plate Tectonics
When the Earth Moves - from Beyond Discovery, The National Academy of Sciences
http://science.uniserve.edu.au/school/quests/plattect.html
http://www.beyonddiscovery.org/content/view.article.asp?a=229Tectonic Plates - from worldatlas.com, printable image
Exploring Earth
http://www.worldatlas.com/aatlas/infopage/tectonic.htmChapter 8: Plate Tectonics - includes investigations, interactives, visualisations and data centres
http://earthsci.terc.edu/navigation/chapter08.cfmInvestigations - includes plate tectonics, earthquakes, volcanoes and mountain building, each with notes and simple interactives
http://earthsci.terc.edu/navigation/investigation.cfmVisualizations - includes plate tectonics, earthquakes, volcanoes and mountain building, each with visualisations of features
http://earthsci.terc.edu/navigation/visualization.cfmAll About Plate Tectonics: Earth's Plates and Continental Drift - from Enchanted Learning. Colourful imgages
http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/planets/earth/Continents.shtmlPlate Tectonics - from NASA Observatorium
http://observe.arc.nasa.gov/nasa/earth/tectonics/Tectonics1.htmlGeology : Plate Tectonics - history and mechanisms, from Musuem of Paleontology, University of California, Berkeley
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/geology/tectonics.htmlHell's Crust: Our Everchanging Planet - from Savage Earth, PBS Broadcasting. The Earth at Work
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/savageearth/hellscrust/index.htmlThis Dynamic Earth - from United States Geological Survey. Online book of 77 pages, also available as a pdf
http://pubs.usgs.gov/publications/text/dynamic.htmlPlate Tectonics and Sea-Floor Spreading, Subduction Zones, "Hot Spots", and the "Ring of Fire" - from United States Geological Survey
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Glossary/PlateTectonics/Plate tectonics - text summary of key concepts, from University of Newcastle upon Tyne, England
http://www.burdon.demon.co.uk/g12.htmRegional Paleogeographic Views of Earth History - this presentation uses a series of paleogeographic and plate-tectonic reconstructions to show the broad patterns of Phanerozoic Earth history organised by region and in geologic order from oldest to youngest for each region. The Time Slice link shows all maps and globes of all regions by geologic time (the Periods), from North Arizona University
http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~rcb7/globaltext.html
Evidence for Plate Tectonics - Sea Floor Spreading
Hess proposes sea-floor spreading - from A Science Odyssey
http://cgi.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/do62se.htmlDeveloping the Theory - from This Dynamic Earth, United States Geological Survey
http://pubs.usgs.gov/publications/text/developing.htmlEarth Science from Moorland School, UK Where is the Evidence for Plate Tectonics?
http://www.moorlandschool.co.uk/earth/tectonic.htm
Palaeomagnetism
Plate Tectonics: The Evidence - tutorial from Geology Rocks, University of Edinburgh
http://www.geologyrocks.co.uk/tut.php?tutorial=8Geophysical Remote Sensing - with excellent images and diagrams of geomagnetic information, from Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA
http://rst.gsfc.nasa.gov/Intro/Part2_1a.htmlAnomalies hint at magnetic pole flip - a short article from New Scientist, April 2002
http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=ns99992152Magnetic Field Sensor for Schools - from Vernier Instrument Company
http://www2.vernier.com/booklets/mg-bta.pdfHow we Know Plates Move - from Dynamic Earth, University of Leeds
http://earth.leeds.ac.uk/dynamicearth/plates_move/Magnetic Anomalies and Sea-floor Spreading Rate - graphics for interpretation, from EarthRef.org Digital Archive (ERDA)
http://earthref.org/cgi-bin/er.cgi?s=erda.cgi?n=339Magnetic stripes and isotopic clocks - from This Dynamic Earth, United States Geological Survey
http://pubs.usgs.gov/publications/text/stripes.htmlTesting the Sea-Floor Spreading Hypothesis - from Volcano World
http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/vwlessons/plate_tectonics/part9.html
Volcanic activity and sea floor spreading (mid ocean ridges and subduction zones)
Erupt Page Erupt is a graphical simulation of volcanic eruptions including: Vulcanian/Plinian pyroclastic surge and flow; Strombolian scoria fall; Hawaiian type mafic lava flows; silicic lava dome and Plinian pumice fall. The software, which is only available for DOS/Windows, can be downloaded from the web site. It is shareware but registration is essential to get the maximum out of the program.
http://www-geo.lanl.gov/Wohletz/Erupt.htm
A comprehensive description of the program can be found at http://www-geo.lanl.gov/Wohletz/Erupt-Doc.htmVolcanoes and Iceland - from Northeastern University
http://www.casdn.neu.edu/~geology/department/staff/colgan/iceland/volcanos.htmFlood basalts, mantle plumes and mass extinctions - from The Geological Society, UK
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/template.cfm?name=fbasaltsVolcanoes: Can we predict volcanic eruptions? - from Annenberg/CPB Channel
http://www.learner.org/exhibits/volcanoes/entry.htmlVolcano World - from University of North Dakota
http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/STROMBOLI on line - from Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich
http://www.swisseduc.ch/stromboli/Modules and Activities - (Volcanoes) at Exploring the Environment
http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/modules.htmlVolcanoes - at Exploring the Environment
http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/volcanoes/volcano.htmlUSGS Volcano Watch - from United States Geological Survey
http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/volcanowatch/Global Volcanism Program - at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History
http://www.volcano.si.edu/gvp/
Igneous rock types and features
Voyage to Puna Ridge - including Factoids on Lava Flows Underwater and Basalt
http://www.punaridge.org/Petrology Basics - from University of British Columbia
http://www.eos.ubc.ca/courses/eosc221/petrology/petrobasics.htmlAtlas of Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks, Minerals and Textures - from Virtual Geology, University of North Carolina
http://www.geolab.unc.edu/Petunia/IgMetAtlas/mainmenu.htmlAsk GeoMan... - from University of Oregon
http://jersey.uoregon.edu/~mstrick/AskGeoMan/AskGeoManIndex.htmlIgneous Rocks - from James Madison University
http://csmres.jmu.edu/geollab/Fichter/IgnRx/Ighome.htmlRock Cycle - concept map - from University of Indiana
http://igs.indiana.edu/Geology/rocks/rockcycleactivities/index.cfmVolcanoes and Igneous Rocks Concept Maps -from USC Columbia, Center for Science Education. Click on the link http://cse.cosm.sc.edu/erth_sci/Igneous/IFrame1.htmLesson Concept maps
http://cse.cosm.sc.edu/erth_sci/Igneous/IFrame1.htm
Oceanography
World Ocean Floors - a map of the plate boundaries with clickable areas that provide local maps and commentary on tectonic features, in particular Three Tectonic Plates Collide Down Under
http://www.platetectonics.com/oceanfloors/index.aspDigital Map of the Age of the Ocean Floor
http://userpage.fu-berlin.de/~data/database/oceanage/jgr_paper.htmlTotal Sediment Thickness of the World's Oceans & Marginal Seas - from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/sedthick/sedthick.htmlSample Images of Crustal Ages of the Sea Floor - from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/global/crustage.HTML
Gondwanaland and Pangaea
The Formation of Pangaea: The Making of a Supercontinent - from Donald L. Blanchard's Earth Sciences Web Site
http://webspinners.com/dlblanc/tectonic/pangea.phpContinental Drift - an animation from Museum of Paleontology, University of California, Berkeley
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/geology/anim9.htmlDispersal of Gondwanaland - from Dynamic Earth, Leeds University
http://earth.leeds.ac.uk/~greg/Gond.htmlGondwanaland - from Office of Polar Programs, National Science Foundation
http://www.nsf.gov/od/opp/support/gondwana.htmContinental divide: the breakup of Pangaea - an interactive animation from Origins: Antacrtica
http://www.exploratorium.edu/origins/antarctica/ideas/gondwana2.html
Australian specific resources
Oz Volcanoes: A web-based activity exploring recent volcanic activity in Australia - from UniServe Science
http://science.uniserve.edu.au/school/quests/ozvolcanoes.htmlWelcome to the Monotremes - from The University of Edinburgh
http://www.nhc.ed.ac.uk/index.php?page=24.134.165.167Images of Volcanoes in the Australian Region - from Volcano World
http://volcano.und.edu/vwdocs/volc_images/australia/australia.htmlTunnels to a Wildlife Underworld - Undara Lava Tubes, Queensland
http://www.undara.com.au/geo/Dr Dietmar Müller's web site - at The University of Sydney
http://www.geosci.usyd.edu.au/users/dietmar/
Historical development of theory
Hess proposes sea-floor spreading 1960 - from A Science Odyssey
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/do62se.htmlHarry Hess 1906 - 1969 - from People and Discoveries, A Science Odyssey
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/bohess.htmlHarry Hammond Hess: Spreading the seafloor - from This Dynamic Earth, United States Geological Survey
http://pubs.usgs.gov/publications/text/HHH.htmlAlfred Wegener 1880 - 1930 - from People and Discoveries, A Science Odyssey
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/bowege.htmlWegener proposes idea of continental drift 1912 - from People and Discoveries, A Science Odyssey
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/do12we.htmlAlfred Lothar Wegener: Moving continents - from This Dynamic Earth, United States Geological Survey
http://pubs.usgs.gov/publications/text/wegener.htmlThe Meteorologist Who Started a Revolution - from The Plate Tectonics web site
http://academic.emporia.edu/aberjame/histgeol/wegener/wegener.htmArthur Holmes 1890 - 1965 - from People and Discoveries, A Science Odyssey
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/boholm.htmlMagnetic bands provide evidence of sea-floor spreading 1963 - from People and Discoveries, A Science Odyssey
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/do63ma.htmlLife is found near deep ocean vents 1977 - from People and Discoveries, A Science Odyssey
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/do77li.htmlAlfred Wegener (1880-1930) - from the Museum of Paleontology, University of California, Berkeley
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/wegener.htmlHistorical perspective - from This Dynamic Earth, USGS
http://pubs.usgs.gov/publications/text/historical.htmlPlate Tectonics: The Rocky History of an Idea - from the Museum of Paleontology, University of California, Berkeley
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/geology/techist.html
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