9.6 Organic Geology - Non-renewable Resource

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Renewable versus non-renewable resources	Coal and coalification	Petroleum and natural gas
Search for coal and oil	Impact on the environment	Dependence of modern society on coal, oil and gas
Impact on greenhouse effect	Alternative sources of energy	Conserving energy

Fossil Fuels - from Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuels

"Renewable Energy" - from The Australian Greenhouse Office
http://www.greenhouse.gov.au/renewable/

Energy Basics 101- from US Energy Information Administration. Summarises uses of Fossil fuels in USA
http://www.eia.doe.gov/basics/energybasics101.html

Fossil Fuel Power Stations - from Geoscience Australia with clickable map to investigate location of power generation in Australia from fossil fuel
http://www.agso.gov.au/fossil_fuel/

Renewable Energy Map of Australia - from Geoscience Australia with clickable map to investigate location of power generation in Australia from renewable sources
http://www.agso.gov.au/renewable/

Office of Fossil Energy - homepage of the US Department of Energy
http://www.fossil.energy.gov/index.html

Innovation for our Energy Future - from National Renewable Energy Laboratory
http://www.nrel.gov/

What is Energy? - from Power for a Sustainable Future, Queensland Department of Education and Environmental Protection Agency
http://www.sustainableenergy.qld.edu.au/html/what.html

For Students and Teachers: Educational Activities - from Office of Fossil Energy, US Department of Energy
http://www.fe.doe.gov/education/

Mineral, oil and gas resources - from Australian Yearbook, Australian Bureau of Statistics
Mineral, oil and gas resources

Australia's Identified Mineral Resources 2005 - from GeoScience Australia. See pages 19 and 25 for Black and Brown Coal
http://www.ga.gov.au/minerals/exploration/resources_advice/AIMR2005.jsp

Chapter 8: Fossil Fuels - Coal, Oil and Natural Gas - from Energy Quest, California
http://www.energyquest.ca.gov/story/chapter08.html

Coalification - definition, from Wyoming Coals
http://smtc.uwyo.edu/coal/swamp/coalification.asp

A History of the Greta Coal Measures - from Australian Museums and Galleries Online
http://amol.org.au/newcastle/greta/intro.html

SA Mineral Explorers Guide - From SA Government, PIRSA. See Section 17 for Coal
South Australian Mineral Explorers Guide

Origin Energy Fossil Gallery - from SA Museum
http://www.samuseum.sa.gov.au/fossils/fgw6.htm

Minerals & petroleum - NSW Coal - from Department of Primary Industries
http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/minerals/resources/coal

Reducing CO₂ Key to Coal’s Future - news release from 12th International Conference on Coal Science
http://www.cairnsconvention.com.au/media32.html

Mineral Resources - from Tulane University, scroll down to Coal
http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/geol111/matenergy.htm

A collection of links to Coal Producers' web sites

The Origins of Coal - from Australian Coal Association
http://www.australiancoal.com.au/origins.htm

Coal Classification - from Australian Coal Association
http://www.australiancoal.com.au/classification.htm

COAL: Ancient Gift Serving Modern Man - American Coal Foundation
http://www.ket.org/trips/coal/agsmm/agsmmtoc.html

Coal - Power for Progress - a series of pdf files on topics such as The Origin of Coal, Clean Coal Technologies, Uses of Coal, from World Coal Institute
http://www.wci-coal.com/web/content.php?menu_id=1.3.1

Minerals & Mining > Coal: A Key Part of a Sustainable Future for Australia - from NSW Minerals Council
http://www.nswmin.com.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/834/coal-sustainable-future.pdf

The Coal Classroom - from the Coal Association of Canada
http://www.coal.ca/class.htm

Griffin Coal - a coal mining company in WA, see pull-down menues for Types of Coal, Geology, Mining, Burning Issues such as clean coal, alternative fuels
http://www.griffincoal.com.au/

Handout notes for Geo-sequestration Presentation - from NSW Minerals Council
http://www.nswmin.com.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/6019/cct_hand_out_notes.pdf

GEOL 463 Supplementary Course Notes - in pdf, includes formation of petroleum and types of petroleum traps, from University of Saskatchewan
http://www.usask.ca/geology/classes/geol463/463notes.html

Lesson Plans - topics about using recycled oil from State of Alabama Project Rose
http://prose.eng.ua.edu/ed/pdf_file/hslp.pdf

Minerals & petroleum - Petroleum - from Department of Primary Industries
http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/minerals/resources/petroleum

From the Ground Up: The World of Oil - from Petroleum Education, Paleontological Research Institute
http://www.priweb.org/ed/pgws/

In the Classroom - from the American Petroleum Institute
http://www.api.org/classroom/

Lecture 10: Fossil Fuels as Energy Sources - from Columbia University
http://eesc.columbia.edu/courses/ees/lithosphere/lectures/lec10.html

Mineral Resources - from Tulane University
http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/geol111/matenergy.htm

Modeling Oil and Gas Reservoirs Classroom Activity - Source: Adapted with permission by the American Association of Petroleum Geologists from AGI's EarthComm, Earth's Natural Resources, pp. R65-R66.
http://www.earthsciweek.org/forteachers/2006/oilandgas_cont.html

PETROLEUM (CRUDE OIL) - from The Pennsylvania State University
http://www.ems.psu.edu/~radovic/petroleum.html

Petroleum Fuels - from USA Department of Energy
http://www.fe.doe.gov/programs/fuels/hydrogen/hydrogen-from-gas.html

Oil on My Shoes - science of Petroleum Geology activities at primary and secondary level in basis, intermediate and advanced from The Petroleum Geologist
http://www.geomore.com/

Petroleum(Oil) -- A Fossil Fuel - from Energy Kids Page
http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/non-renewable/oil.html

Abiotic Theory of Oil Formation - an alternate theory for the formation of oil, from The Environmental Literacy Council
http://www.enviroliteracy.org/article.php/1130.html

Minerals and Petroleum - from Department of Mineral Resources, NSW
http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/minerals/resources

Coal Mining Methods - from Australian Coal Association
http://www.australiancoal.com.au/methods.htm

Black Coal Production - Australia - from Australian Coal Association
http://www.australiancoal.com.au/production.htm

Black Coal Resources - from Australian Coal Association
http://www.australiancoal.com.au/resources.htm

The Quest for Energy: Rewarding Careers in Petroleum Exploration - this is a PowerPoint presentation (139 slides) which can be downloaded as individual slides or as a whole, although most of the statistics are US there are excellent slides of oil traps, oil exploration, recovery, processing, from American Association of Petroleum Geologist
http://www.aapg.org/slide_bank/armentrout_john/index.shtml

Offshore Drilling - a fact sheet from Australian Institute of Petroleum
http://www.aip.com.au/industry/fact_offshore.htm

Offshore Oil and Gas Exploration and Production - a fact sheet from Australian Institute of Petroleum
http://www.aip.com.au/industry/fact_exploration_marine.htm

Petroleum Geology and Geophysics Images - from IBM Research
http://www.research.ibm.com/imaging/geo/images/images.html

PETROLEUM - from Department of Mineral Resources, NSW
http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/minerals/resources/petroleum

Offshore Drilling - from Australian Institute of Petroleum Online Projects
http://www.aip.com.au/industry/fact_offshore.htm
also at
http://www.world-petroleum.org/education/offdrill/index.html

The Uses of Coal - An Overview - from Australian Coal Association
http://www.australiancoal.com.au/uses.htm

electricity generation - how electricity is made - from Country Energy
http://www.countryenergy.com.au/internet/cewebpub.nsf/Content/edu_electricity+generation

Refining of Petroleum - a fact sheet from Australian Institute of Petroleum
http://www.aip.com.au/industry/fact_refine.htm

Alternative Transport Fuels - a fact sheet from Australian Institute of Petroleum
http://www.aip.com.au/industry/fact_alt_fuels.htm

Refining of Petroleum - from Australian Institute of Petroleum
http://www.aip.com.au/industry/fact_refine.htm
also at
http://www.world-petroleum.org/education/petref/index.html

Reducing the Environmental Impacts of Coal Mining - from Australian Coal Association
http://www.australiancoal.com.au/environmentlocal.htm

CO2CRC Image Library - from Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, diagrams and photographs for use for educational purposes
http://www.co2crc.com.au/imagelibrary/index.html

Oceans and Oil Spills - from Australian Institute of Petroleum
http://www.aip.com.au/industry/fact_oceans.htm

Oceans and Oil Spills - from World Petroleum Council
http://www.world-petroleum.org/education/ocean/index.html

Offshore Exploration - a fact sheet from Australian Institute of Petroleum
http://www.aip.com.au/industry/fact_exploration_marine.htm

Energy - NSW State of the Environment 2003, from Environment Protection Authority
http://www.epa.nsw.gov.au/soe/soe2003/chapter2/chp_2.3.htm

International Energy Outlook 2004 - from Energy Information Administration
http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/ieo/figure_14.html

Australia’s Future -from Australian Conservation Foundation
http://www.aph.gov.au/SENATE/committee/rrat_ctte/oil_supply/submissions/sub152.pdf

Physics 161 On-line Access - from University of Oregon with lecture notes on Fossil Fuels I, Fossil Fuels II, Fossil Fuel III, The Greenhouse Effect, Ozone Depletion, CO₂ and Transportation and Fuel Savings, Energy Conservation + Fluorescent Lighting and Insulation in the Home
http://zebu.uoregon.edu/disted/phys161.html
also at and includes The World's Energy Problems
http://zebu.uoregon.edu/1999/phys161.html#lectures

What are Greenhouse Gases? - US Department of Energy
http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/1605/ggccebro/chapter1.html

Carbon currency - the credits and debits of carbon emissions trading - from NOVA, The Australian Academy of Science
http://www.science.org.au/nova/054/054key.htm

Enhanced greenhouse effect - a hot international topic - from NOVA, The Australian Academy of Science
http://www.science.org.au/nova/016/016key.htm

Coal and Climate Change - from Australian Coal Association
http://www.australiancoal.com.au/environmentgreenhouse.htm

Clean Coal Technologies - Overview - from Australian Coal Association
http://www.australiancoal.com.au/cleanoview.htm

Environment - from Macquarie Generation
http://www.macgen.com.au/Environment/EnvironmentPolicy.aspx

Environmental Issues - from Griffin Coal, a coal mining company in WA
http://www.griffincoal.com.au/Enviro.html

Australian Greenhouse Office - including their Factsheets
http://www.greenhouse.gov.au/

Can the coal industry bury its greenhouse problem? - from the Institute for Sustainable Futures
http://www.isf.uts.edu.au/whatwedo/ISFwebstoryAug.html

Greenhouse Gas Grave - from The Lab, ABC Online
http://www.abc.net.au/science/features/gasgrave/

The Effect of Population on Global Climate Change - from the Population Resource Center
http://www.prcdc.org/summaries/climateupdate02/climateupdate02.html

What's up with the weather? - an interview with Fred Palmer, President of Western Fuel Assoc. about global warming and fossil fuel burning
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/warming/debate/palmer.html

Renewable Energy Technologies: Key to Sustainable Futures by Ian Lowe - from Ecoscience, International Science School 2007, The University of Sydney
http://www.physics.usyd.edu.au/foundation/Outreach/ISS/book/ecoscience_part6.pdf

Generating new ideas for meeting future energy needs - from NOVA, The Australian Academy of Science
http://www.science.org.au/nova/046/046key.htm

Renewable Energy Technologies - from Australian Renewable Energy Website includes wind energy, solar, water and enabling technologies
http://renewable.greenhouse.gov.au/technologies/

RENEWABLE ENERGY FACT SHEETS - from the Environmental Protection Agency, Queensland, with fact sheets in pdf on Solar Hot Water, Remote Area Power Supply Systems, Grid Interactive Photovoltaic Systems, Power from the Sun - Solar Power, Power from the Ocean, Power from the Wind - Wind Power, Power from Water - Hydro Power, Geothermal Energy and Biomass Energy
http://www.sustainableenergy.qld.edu.au/html/factsheets.html

Fact Sheet: Biofuels - from Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
http://www.eere.energy.gov/news/pdfs/biofuels.pdf

Inventions and Innovations fact Sheets - from Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, USA. Includes Biomass, Hydrogen Fuel Cells, Solar and Wind Power technologies
http://www.eere.energy.gov/inventions/resources_fact.html

The Energy Story - from California Energy Commission
http://www.energyquest.ca.gov/story/index.html

Choices at Work - from Consumer Energy Center, page also has Home and School Links
http://www.consumerenergycenter.org/work/green.html

On-Line Renewable Energy Education Module - Center for Renewable Energy and Sustainable Technology
http://www.crest.org/

Alternative Transport Fuels - a fact sheet from Australian Institute of Petroleum
http://www.aip.com.au/industry/fact_alt_fuels.htm

Thinking ahead - fusion energy for the 21st century? - from NOVA, The Australian Academy of Science
http://www.science.org.au/nova/101/101key.htm

Thermal Solar - from Australian Renewable Energy Website
http://www.greenhouse.gov.au/renewable/recp/solar/index.html

Solar Photovoltaics - from Australian Renewable Energy Website
http://www.greenhouse.gov.au/renewable/recp/pv/index.html

National Solar Schools website - Solar Schools is an exciting grassroots program designed to raise awareness about sustainable energy usage by donating solar systems to schools.
http://www.solarschools.net/facts_and_figures/the_power_of_the_sun/solar_energy/solar_photovoltaics.aspx

How a PV Cell Works - from National Solar Schools 
http://www.solarschools.net/facts_and_figures/the_power_of_the_sun/solar_energy/how_a_pv_cell_works.aspx

Wind Energy Technologies - from Australian Renewable Energy Website
http://www.greenhouse.gov.au/renewable/recp/wind/index.html

Overview - Wind Energy: A Resource for the 21st Century - from CSIRO LAND and WATER
http://www.clw.csiro.au/publications/projects/projects10.pdf

AusWEA - Australian Wind Energy Association, a lobby group
http://www.auswind.org/auswea/index.html

Wind power gathers speed - from NOVA, The Australian Academy of Science
http://www.science.org.au/nova/037/037key.htm

Wind and Hydropower Technologies Program - from Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, USA
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/program_areas.html

Hydro-electric Power - from Australian Renewable Energy Website
http://www.greenhouse.gov.au/renewable/recp/hydro/index.html

Hydro power - from Power for a Sustainable Future, Fact Sheet 9
http://www.sustainableenergy.qld.edu.au/fact/factsheet_9.html

Nuclear Power - from Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power

The Uranium Information Centre

Nuclear Electricity
http://www.uic.com.au/ne.htm

NUCLEAR ELECTRICITY - an Australian perspective
http://www.uic.com.au/neTchr.htm

UIC Educational Resource Papers - including ENERGY FOR THE WORLD - WHY URANIUM? The Nuclear Fuel Cycle, Uranium, Electricity and Greenhouse and Radioactive Waste Management
http://www.uic.com.au/education.htm

Briefing Papers - including Nuclear Power for Electricity
http://www.uic.com.au/nip.htm

Junee ethanol refinery plans unveiled- from ABC Rural
http://www.abc.net.au/rural/news/content/2006/s1852207.htm

Fuel Ethanol-Background and Policy Issues - from Parliamentary library. Briefing paper
Current Issues Brief no. 12 2002-03

The Manual for the Home and Farm Production of Alcohol Fuel - an on-line text book on this topic
http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel_library/ethanol_manual/manual_ToC.html

Wave energy - from Australian Renewable Energy Website
http://www.greenhouse.gov.au/renewable/recp/wave/index.html

The Port Kembla Project - from Enertech website, Click on Links: Technology and Port Kembla
http://www.energetech.com.au/index.htm

Biomass Energy Technologies - from Australian Renewable Energy Website
http://www.greenhouse.gov.au/renewable/recp/biomass/index.html

Biomass - the growing energy resource - from NOVA, The Australian Academy of Science
http://www.science.org.au/nova/039/039key.htm

Hot Dry Rock - from Australian Renewable Energy Website
http://www.greenhouse.gov.au/renewable/recp/hotdryrock/index.html

Hot Rock Energy - from ANU
http://hotrock.anu.edu.au/resource.htm

Hot Rock Concept - from ANU. Good diagram
http://hotrock.anu.edu.au/index.html

New Zealand Geothermal Asscoiation
http://www.nzgeothermal.org.nz/geothermal_energy/nz_geothermal_fields.asp

Geothermal Systems Map, North Island of New Zealand - from NZ Government
http://www.ew.govt.nz/enviroinfo/geothermal/fieldsmap/index.htm

Which way ahead for hydrogen cars? - from NOVA, The Australian Academy of Science
http://www.science.org.au/nova/063/063key.htm

Hybrids greener than hydrogen cars - study - from ABC Science
http://www.abc.net.au/science/news/stories/s802512.htm

Fuelling the 21st century - from NOVA, The Australian Academy of Science
http://www.science.org.au/nova/023/023key.htm

Discovering the principle of the fuel cell at home or in school - pdf document, from The Online Fuel Cell Information resource
http://www.fuelcells.org/ced/career/scienceproject.pdf

Fuel Cell Basics -from The Smithsonian Institute
http://americanhistory.si.edu/fuelcells/basics.htm

PEM Fuel Cell - from Schatz Center
http://www.humboldt.edu/~serc/fc.html

Fuel Cell Links for teachers - from FuelCells.org
http://www.fuelcells.org/ced/education.html#teacher

Global Warming Cool It! - from The Australian Greenhouse Office
http://www.greenhouse.gov.au/education/factsheets/coolit.html

Your Home, Your Future, Your Lifestyle - from Australian Greenhouse Office
http://www.greenhouse.gov.au/yourhome/

4.0 Energy use - Introduction - from Australian Greenhouse Office
http://www.greenhouse.gov.au/yourhome/technical/fs40.htm

Energy Efficiency - No Cost/Low Cost - from El Paso Solar Energy Association, also The Suntempered Home
http://www.epsea.org/nocost.html

Energy Savers: Tips on Saving Energy and Money at Home - US Department of Energy, large .pdf booklet
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/consumer/tips/pdfs/energy_savers.pdf

EnergySave: Smarter ways to use electricity and gas - from Energy Australia
http://www.energy.com.au/energy/ea.nsf/Content/Ways+Home

Energy Efficiency Conservation Authority, NZ - contains information on renewable energy sources, conserving energy in the home and with transportation
http://www.eeca.govt.nz/

Information for Students & Teachers - from Department of Energy, Utilities and Sustainability, NSW
http://www.deus.nsw.gov.au/students.asp

ENERGY STAR in Australia and New Zealand - from Energy Smart
http://www.energysmart.com.au/les/default.asp?&t=200722230&t=20073824

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