9.5 Geophysics

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What is Geophysics?	Measurement of the physical properties of the Earth	Information about the Earth provided by physical phenomena
Seismic methods	Magnetic field	Economic and social benefits

Geophysics Option - from HSC Online
http://hsc.csu.edu.au/physics/options/geophysics/

What is Geophysics? - from the Australian Society of Exploration Geophysicists
http://www.aseg.org.au/whatis.htm

Applied Geophysics? - excellent site from consultant group, Quantum Geophysics
http://www.quantumgeophysics.com/

KiwiCareers: geophysicist - from Kiwi Careers
http://www.kiwicareers.govt.nz/default.aspx?id0=103&id1=J26142

Careers in Geophysics - from Society of Exploration Geophysicists
http://students.seg.org/careers/TLE/TLE1998June.html

Careers in Geoscience: Geophysicist - from Schlumberger Excellence in Educational Development
http://www.seed.slb.com/en/scictr/career/geoscience/sayers.htm

A Career in Geophysics - from Canadian Society of Exploration Geophysicists
http://www.cseg.ca/education/careers/splash.htm

Playing and Learning with JAVA Applets - from Geophysics Department Technik Umwelt Clausthal - the Geophysics Department publishes JAVA applets for learning purposes, the applets simulate geophysical experiments and are used for teaching at the department
http://www.ifg.tu-clausthal.de/java-e.html

Properties of Earth materials

OVERVIEW OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF EARTH MATERIALS - pdf file from Univeristy of Calgary
http://www.geo.ucalgary.ca/~maillol/goph365/pp.pdf

Geophysical Instruments - from University of Toledo
http://www.eeescience.utoledo.edu/research/geophysics/instrs.html

The Bulging Earth - from MathPages
http://www.mathpages.com/home/kmath182.htm

Elasticity

Bulk Elastic Properties -from HyperPhysics
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/permot3.html

An introduction to electrical resistivity in geophysics - an academic paper, download in pdf
http://www.radford.edu/~rherman/papers/ajp00943.pdf

Density

Density of the Earth - from Binghamton University
http://www.geol.binghamton.edu/faculty/barker/demos/demo9.html

Rock Density Lab - from Union College
http://www.union.edu/PUBLIC/GEODEPT/hollocher/pedagogy/K-12_labs/Labs/KH2/KTH2.htm

Density Variations of Earth Materials - from University of Melbourne
http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/ES304/MODULES/GRAV/NOTES/densities.html

Average Specific Gravity of various Rock Types - from MiningLife
http://www.mininglife.com/Miner/general/Density.htm

sciactivities (GravityandEarthScience.doc) - from Colorado State University
http://www.csmate.colostate.edu/cltw/sciactivities/

Thermal properties

Global Heat Flow - from University of Ohio State University
http://geophysics.ou.edu/geomechanics/notes/heatflow/global_heat_flow.htm

Magnetic properties

Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism - from University of Washington
http://www.geophys.washington.edu/research/geomag/

Geomagnetism - from National Geophysical Data Center
http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/seg/potfld/geomag.shtml

National Geomagnetism Program - from United States Geological Survey
http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/seg/geomag/

Geomagnetism - from British Geological Survey
http://www.geomag.bgs.ac.uk/

Electrical properties

Geophysical Instruments - graphic showing by using the measurement of electrical current of the earth using a digital meter
http://www.eeescience.utoledo.edu/research/geophysics/dsweb27.html

Description of the Soiltest R-40 earth resistivity system
http://www.eeescience.utoledo.edu/research/geophysics/elec.html

DC Resistivity - Subsurface Exploration - from University of Wisconsin-Stout Physics Department
http://physics.uwstout.edu/geo/geomech3.htm

An introduction to electrical resistivity in geophysics - an academic paper, download in pdf
http://www.radford.edu/~rherman/papers/ajp00943.pdf

RESISTANCE METER RM4 - from GeoScan
http://www.geoscan-research.co.uk/page12.html

Gravity

Land Geophysics - from United States Geological Survey
http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/seg/

sciactivities (GravityandEarthScience.doc) - from Colorado State University
http://www.csmate.colostate.edu/cltw/sciactivities/

Introduction to Geophysical Methods - from University of Melbourne
http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/ES304/index.html

Geophysical methods - from Mining in Manitoba
http://www.digistar.mb.ca/minsci/finding/geophys.htm

General Geophysics - from Enviroscan, match the method with the application
http://www.enviroscan.com/html/general_geophysics.html

GEOSPHERE INC - a group of consultants specialising in innovative geophysical solutions
http://www.geosphereinc.com/

Fugro Airborne Surveys - a commercial site, has case studies and information sheets in pdf
http://www.fugroairborne.com/

Geodiscovery Group - Australian company's site
http://www.geodiscovery.com.au/services/

GEOPHYSICAL METHODS IN EXPLORATION AND MINERAL ENVIRONMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS - from United States Geological Survey
http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/ofr-95-0831/CHAP3.pdf

Seismic

Note Outline: Refraction Seismic Methods - from University of Melbourne
http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/ES304/MODULES/SEIS/NOTEOUT/seisoutline.html

Seismic Data Acquisition - from Walter Kessinger, exploration geophysicist and a VP (velocity picker) at Fusion Petroleum Technologies
http://walter.kessinger.com/work/seisx_acquisition.html

Processing and imaging seismic reflection data - from Walter Kessinger, exploration geophysicist and a VP (velocity picker) at Fusion Petroleum Technologies
http://walter.kessinger.com/work/seisx_processing.html

#Imaging With A Single Vibrator- from the Virginia Tech vibroseis program
Be warned that this is a large file and takes time to download even with broadband. The site recommends that the PowerPoint file is transferred to CD. There are many interesting graphics showing results of the work.
http://rglsun1.geol.vt.edu/ImagingWithASingleVibrator.html

High-Resolution seismic reflection and refraction - from Geosphere Inc.
http://www.geosphereinc.com/seis_introduction.html

Gravity

Magnetic

Magnetometry and metal detection - from Geosphere Inc.
http://www.geosphereinc.com/mag_introduction.html

Geomagnetism - from Geoscience Australia
http://www.agso.gov.au/urban/geomagnetism.jsp

Palaeomagnetic

PALEOMAGNETISM: Magnetic Domains to Geologic Terranes - online book by Robert F. Butler, from The University of Arizona
http://www.geo.arizona.edu/Paleomag/book/

Electrical

Resistivity sounding/profiling - from Geosphere Inc.
http://www.geosphereinc.com/ele_resistivity.html

Induced Polarization - from Oilfield Glossary, Schlumberger Limited
http://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/Display.cfm?Term=induced%20polarization

Induced Polarization - from Mining in Manitoba
http://www.digistar.mb.ca/minsci/finding/ip1.htm

Electromagnetic

Electromagnetic Induction (EM) - from Geosphere Inc.
http://www.geosphereinc.com/ele_em-induction.html

Radiometric

Virtual Dating - from California State University
http://vearthquake.calstatela.edu/VirtualDating/

Radiometric Dating - from DeKalb College
http://www.gpc.edu/~pgore/geology/geo102/radioa.htm

What is radioactive dating and how can it tell us the age of an object? - from New York State High School Regents Exam Prep Center
http://regentsprep.org/Regents/earthsci/radioactivedecay.htm

Geothermal

Geothermal Education Office
http://geothermal.marin.org/

Properties of electromagnetic waves
Remote sensing of radiation

Stuart Phinn - in Faces of Science and links from that page
http://science.uniserve.edu.au/faces/phinn/phinn.html

Radar Interferometry - from British Antarctic Survey
http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/BAS_Science/Techniques/Interferometry/index.html

World Wind - Application Program from NASA which allows you to view the Earth normally or via Landsat satelites. Windows only. Download from
http://worldwind.arc.nasa.gov

Whirlwind Tour of World Wind - from Alteviltech
http://www.alteviltech.com/WorldWind/Tour/

The Remote Sensing Core Curriculum - from RSCC
http://www.r-s-c-c.org/

Image processing online - an online activity based on the Tweed Volcano from Geosciences Australia
http://www.ga.gov.au/map/tweed_heads/

Remote sensing - from CSIRO
http://www.cmis.csiro.au/rsm/

Remote Sensing Project - from CSIRO
http://www.marine.csiro.au/~lband/

Remote Sensing for Environmental Analysis - from Geoscience Australia, includes examples of processed satellite imagery for determining estuarine processes for Port Phillip Bay, Port Jackson and Botany Bay, Broken Bay and Moreton Bay
http://www.agso.gov.au/map/east_coast/

Pilbara Image Processing - from Geoscience Australia, includes satellite image data for the Pilbara area in Western Australia
http://www.agso.gov.au/map/Pilbara/

New Mapping Techniques Help Assess the Health of Hawai'i's Coral Reefs - from United States Geological Survey
http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2001/fs084-01/

Prospecting from Orbit - from Earth Observatory, NASA
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Study/ASTERProspecting/

Earth Resource Survey Inc - with sample satellite imagery of geological features, mineral deposits and mining
http://www.ersi.ca/

Visible Earth: a searchable directory of images, visualisations and animations of the Earth - from NASA
http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/

Visualization of Remote Sensing Data - from NASA
http://rsd.gsfc.nasa.gov/rsd/

Education Resources - from NASA Observatorium Education-Refernce Module
http://observe.arc.nasa.gov/nasa/education/reference/main.html

Global Learning and Observations to Benefit the Environment - (GLOBE) is a worldwide network of students, teachers, and scientists working together to study and understand the global environment
http://www.globe.gov/

The Online Guides: Remote sensing - from University of Illinois
http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/rs/home.rxml

AUSLIG On the Web - from Geoscience Australia
http://www.ga.gov.au/

Reading Satellite Images - lesson plan with accompanying digital images from DiscoverySchool.com
http://school.discovery.com/lessonplans/programs/satelliteimages/

Gravitational field of the Earth

Seismic waves

Seismic Waves - from The Nevada Seismololgical Laboratory
http://www.seismo.unr.edu/ftp/pub/louie/class/100/seismic-waves.html

Description: Earthquakes and Seismicity - from United States Geological Survey
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Glossary/Seismicity/description_earthquakes.html

UpSeis - from Geological Engineering and Sciences at Michigan Tech
http://www.geo.mtu.edu/UPSeis/

Home Page of Alan L. Jones - Download Seismic/Eruption: A program for the visualization of seismicity and volcanic activity in space and time; and Seismic Waves: A program for the visualization of wave propagation available, from University of Binghamton
http://www.geol.binghamton.edu/faculty/jones/

Geophones
Seismometers

How does a seismograph work? What is the Richter Scale? - from How Stuff Works
http://www.howstuffworks.com/question142.htm

Southern California Earthquake Data Center
http://www.data.scec.org/

Build Your Own Seismograph - from the University of California Berkeley
http://cse.ssl.berkeley.edu/lessons/indiv/davis/hs/Seismograph.html

Ancient Seismometer - from The Chinese Historical and Cultural Project
http://www.chcp.org/seismo.html

Lehman Seismometer Information - from Redwood City Public Seismic Network
http://webtronics.com/lehman.html

Build Your Own Seismometer
http://users.viawest.net/~aloomis/seismom.htm

Structure of the Earth
Exploration for oil and gas

Current magnetic field

Earth - Magnetic Field - from Ask a Space Scientist
http://image.gsfc.nasa.gov/poetry/ask/amag.html

Interactive Animation of Seafloor Spreading and Magnetic Field Reversals - from Windows to the Universe, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research
http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/interior/seafloor_spreading_interactive.html

Palaeomagnetism

PALEOMAGNETISM: Magnetic Domains to Geologic Terranes - an online book from The University of Arizona
http://www.geo.arizona.edu/Paleomag/book/

Crustal Magnetic Anomalies - from Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA
http://denali.gsfc.nasa.gov/research/crustal_mag/

Theory of Plate Tectonics

This Dynamic Earth - from US Geological Survey
http://pubs.usgs.gov/publications/text/dynamic.html

Digital Isochrons of the Ocean Floor - from Australian National University
http://wwwrses.anu.edu.au/~jean/GEOL3005/PlateTectonics/Figures/Oceanfloor.gif

OCEANIC MAGNETIC STRIPES - from Australian National University
http://wwwrses.anu.edu.au/~jean/GEOL3005/PlateTectonics/Magnetic.html

Exploration

Case Histories in Applied Geophysics - sorted by geophysical method including gravity, magnetics, seismic methods, DC resistivity, IP, GPR and inversion methods.
http://www.geomechanics.com/applications/caseindex.htm

Environmental monitoring

Seismic monitoring - from Geoscience Australia
http://www.ga.gov.au/pdf/GA1954.pdf

Nuclear Explosion - from Geoscience Australia
http://www.ga.gov.au/urban/projects/20010917_7.jsp

Nuclear Explosion Monitoring - from Natural Resources Canada
http://can-ndc.nrcan.gc.ca/

Centre d'Etude des Risques Géologiques: CERG projects on volcanic hazards, vulnerability and risk - For a safer future environment in region prone to natural disasters
http://www.unige.ch/hazards/volcanic/index.php

SELECTED WWW SITES and OTHER INTERNET RESOURCES On Hazards and Disasters - from Natural Hazards Research and Applications Information Center, University of Colorado at Boulder
http://www.colorado.edu/hazards/resources/sites.html

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