9.4 FROM IDEAS TO IMPLEMENTATION - from Bob Emery's site, Senior Physics and Religion
http://webs.mn.catholic.edu.au/physics/emery/hsc_ideas_implementation.htm9.4 FROM IDEAS TO IMPLEMENTATION - A page of Useful Links,listed alphabetically, from Purplish Hue, St Francis Xavier's College, Hamilton, NSW
http://members.optusnet.com.au/~emeryrg/9_4_from_ideas_to_implementation.htmFrom ideas to implementation - from NSW HSC Online
http://www.hsc.csu.edu.au/physics/core/implementation/From Ideas to Implementation - from HSC Physics, UNSW
http://www.phys.unsw.edu.au/hsc/ideas.htmlLaws of Physics: A Primer - gives a goodstart for overall information on Quantum Physics
http://www.srikant.org/core/phy11sep.htmlLecture Notes on Special Relativity - uses simple cartoons to illustrate the main points and includes practice problems
http://www.phys.vt.edu/~takeuchi/relativity/notes/Wavelike Behaviors of Light - from The Physics Classroom Site
http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/gbssci/phys/Class/light/u12l1a.htmlSingle-Slit Diffraction - Java Applet - from The LearningOnline Network
http://lectureonline.cl.msu.edu/~mmp/kap27/Gary-Diffraction/app.htmTwo Point Source Interference- from The Physics Classroom Site
http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/gbssci/phys/Class/light/u12l1b.htmlDouble-Slit Interference - Java Applet - from Kansas State university
http://perg.phys.ksu.edu/vqmorig/programs/java/makewave/Slit/vq_mws.htmLight: Electromagnetic Radiation and Atoms - Twenty page .pdf document includes image of visible light spectrum - from Sacramento State
http://www.csus.edu/indiv/m/mackj/eit/AtStr.PDF#search='Light:%20Electromagnetic%20Radiation%20and%20Atoms'A Questions of Quarks - from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
http://www.llnl.gov/str/JanFeb03/Soltz.html
The History of Vacuum Tubes - from ABOUT, a page with useful links
http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blvacuumtubes.htm/J. J. Thomson Cathode Ray Tube - from American Institute of Physics
http://www.aip.org/history/electron/jjhome.htmThomson's Cathode Ray Tube - from Chem Team
http://dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us/webdocs/AtomicStructure/Disc-of-Electron-Images.htmlThe Discovery of the Electron - from The American Institute of Physics History, good resources about the electron and cathode ray tubes
http://www.aip.org/history/electron/The Cathode Ray Tube - from How Television Works, How Stuff Works
http://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/tv2.htmData Display - a commercial site with cut away view of Video Display CRT
http://www.cathoderaytubes.com/Interactive diagram - from University of Illinois
http://www.chem.uiuc.edu/clcwebsite/cathode.htmlCathode Ray Tubes (CRTs) - a historical site
Electric fields from charged particles
http://pyanczer.home.mindspring.com/Tour/crt.htmlBehaviour of charged particles in magnetic fieldsElectric Fields - from Physics Lab Online
http://online.cctt.org/physicslab/content/phyapb/lessonnotes/electrostatics/lessonelectricfields.aspMagnetic and Electric Fields - a brief description of what these fields are, how they are created, and what effects they produce, from EMF Meters
http://www.trifieldmeter.com/magdone.htmElectric fields - notes in pdf from Ross Sheppard High School
http://www.shep.net/resources/curricular/physics/P30/Unit2/Topic3_ElectricFields/Topic3_Efields.pdfElectric fields due to charged platesElectric and Magnetic Fields - from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
http://pdg.lbl.gov/~aerzber/aps_electricity.html#fieldsElectric and Magnetic Fields - from HyperPhysics, Georgia State University
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/magnetic/magfor.htmlMeasurement of the charge to mass ratio of the electronParallel Plates - from Physics Lab Online
http://online.cctt.org/physicslab/content/PhyAPB/lessonnotes/parallelplates/parallel_plates.aspCharged Parallel Plates -
http://www.regentsprep.org/Regents/physics/phys03/aparplate/default.htmUniform Electric Field - downloadable interactive, from PhysicsLab, UK
http://www.physicslab.co.uk/Efield.htmUniform E fields - notes in pdf from Ross Sheppard High School
http://www.shep.net/resources/curricular/physics/P30/Unit2/Topic4_UniformFields/Topic4UniormEfields.pdfStudent Investigations and ExperimentsA software package which simulates Thomson's famous experiment which succeeded in finding the charge to mass ratio for a beam of electrons (cathode rays) is available from the firm The Logical Interface. The method of using this software is described in a paper given to the University of Sydney Science Teachers' Workshop.
Determination of e/m of an electron - from City Collegiate
http://www.citycollegiate.com/xii_chpxiv1.htmUsing a Fine Beam Tube to Determine e/m for an Electron -
http://physics.csustan.edu/GENERAL/Ian/GeneralPhysicsIIlabs/EoverM/EoverM.htmDetermination of the charge on an electron - from Walnut Valley Unified School District
http://dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us/webdocs/AtomicStructure/Determine-electron-charge.htmlMillikan's oil drop experiment - Java Applet - from NTNU, Taiwan
http://www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/ntnujava/viewtopic.php?t=537&np=1&nt=1145544901
Millikan's oil drop experiment applet - from Hesston College http://www.hesston.edu/academic/FACULTY/NELSONK/PhysicsResearch/Millikan/millikan.html
Experiments and Observations on Electricity: - from Physics Today. Benjamin Franklin's discovery of the lightning rod.
http://www.physicstoday.org/vol-59/iss-1/p42.html
Semiconductors - Lesson Outline - with multimedia resources from Australian Multimedia for Physics Students, The University of Sydney
http://www.hscphysics.edu.au/resource/Semiconductors%20Lesson%20outline.pdfThe Age of Siliconby Andre van Schaik and Richard Coggins, given to the 9th Biennial Science Teachers' Workshop, "The New Physics HSC Syllabus", mounted by the School of Physics, University of Sydney, June 15-16, 2000, was written to be of specific use for Optional Module 9.9 of the syllabus (The Age of Silicon). However, it is also an excellent source of information for most parts of this topic.
http://science.uniserve.edu.au/school/curric/stage6/phys/silicon/silicon.pdfIt's an Advanced materials World - from NOVA, Australian Academy of Science
http://www.science.org.au/nova/093/093key.htmSemiconductors - from Materials Science and Technology Teacher's Workshop, prepared by the Materials Science and Engineering department at the University of Illinois, Urbana/Champaign
http://matse1.mse.uiuc.edu/~tw/sc/sc.htmlSemiconductors - presentation, from Brookdale University
http://www.brookdale.cc.nj.us/fac/engtech/aandersen/engi242/powerpoint/semiconductors.pdfThe Semiconductor Applet Service - from State University of New York at Buffalo
http://jas.eng.buffalo.edu/Conductors, insulators and semiconductors - from University of Alabama 6-12 Lesson plans
http://astlc.ua.edu/ENERGY/lessonplans/middleschoollessons/middleschoollessonsx.htm#Conductors,%20Insulators,%20and%20SemiconductorsSimple Electronic Devices | Diode | Light Emitting Diode | Light Dependent Resistor -from skool.ie Exam Centre
http://www.skoool.ie/skoool/examcentre_jc.asp?id=4102#baseEnergy bands: conductors, insulators and semiconductors
Energy bands - from Integrated Publishing
http://www.infodotinc.com/neets/book7/24c.htmConductors, Insulators, and Semiconductors - from Materials Science and Technology Teacher's Workshop, prepared by the Materials Science and Engineering department at the University of Illinois, Urbana/Champaign
http://matse1.mse.uiuc.edu/~tw/sc/prin.htmlSemiconductor concepts - from HyperPhysics, Georgia State University
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/semcn.htmlIntroduction to Semiconductors - from Overclockers website
http://www.overclockers.com/articles1173/Introduction to semiconductors, mainly looking at the behavior of electrons in a solid from a quantum mechanical point of view.- from Connexions website
http://cnx.org/content/m1001/latest/Principles of Semiconductor Devices- from University of Colorado. An online textbook. Advanced level
http://ece-www.colorado.edu/~bart/book/title.htmSemiconductor device - from Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor_deviceCarriers: Electrons and Holes - from Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Texas at El Paso
http://www.ece.utep.edu/courses/ee3329/ee3329/Studyguide/ToC/Fundamentals/Carriers/description.htmlHistory of the transistor - from Lucent Laboratories - Includes material about early radios and vacuum tubes
http://www.lucent.com/minds/transistor/history.html.Transistor History - from Lucent Laboratories
http://www.lucent.com/minds/transistor/brinkman/,Transistorized - documentary produced by PBS Television in 1999, contains an elaborate teacher's manual.
http://www.pbs.org/transistor/The Discovery of the Transistor - has a good collection of pictures
http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/Andrew_Wylie/history.htm,Doping: n-type and p-type semiconductors
Student investigations and experimentsSolid State Physics: Interactive Learning - Applets from Stonybrook University
http://solidstate.physics.sunysb.edu/teach/intlearn/An Introduction to Microelectronics Manufacturing and Markets - fromUniversity of California, Berkeley. This hypermedia course reviews the evolution of today's microelectronic integrated circuit (IC) chip technology, explains how IC's are made, and describes the present-day IC markets. This course is designed for people with little or no background in these areas.
http://bmrc.berkeley.edu/courseware/ICMfg92/The Doping of Semiconductors - from HyperPhysics, George State University
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/dope.htmlTrailing the Transistor - a Thinkquest
http://library.thinkquest.org/C006224/introsemihtml.htmThe transistor - detailed web pages from Nobelprize.org
http://nobelprize.org/physics/educational/transistor/function/index.htmlBIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTORS
http://www.faqs.org/docs/electric/Semi/SEMI_4.htmlHow a transistor works - from Intel
http://www.intel.com/education/transworks/The Transistor - from R. Adelkopf's site
http://hometown.aol.com/radelkopf/transist.htmlMicrochips - examples with images from Micron, a solid state memory manufacturer
http://www.micron.com/mti/hr/education/present/mathapps/chips.htmSolid state devices - from Integrated Publishing
http://www.infodotinc.com/neets/book14/57a.htmPhotovoltaic (PV) Tutorial - introductory Lessons in .pdf form deigned for suppliers of PV cells
http://64.243.182.248/includes/pv%20tutorial.pdfElectronic components - series of three investigations from Micron Teacher Resources
http://download.micron.com/pdf/education/lessonplans/electronic_components.pdfRenewable energy Project kit - from re-energy, California includes Solar Electricity Backgrounder Solar Car Construction Plans
Solar Electricity Lesson Plan
Sustainable Transportation Lesson Plan
Solar Car Poster
http://www.re-energy.ca/t_solarelectricity.shtmlHow Solar Cells Work - from How Stuff Works
http://www.howstuffworks.com/solar-cell.htmPhotovoltaic Cells - investigation from NASAExplores
http://www.nasaexplorers.com/show_912_teacher_st.php?id=030109140735Beaming Down Energy - two lesson plans and investigation from NASA
http://media.nasaexplores.com/lessons/01-052/9-12_1.pdf
and
http://media.nasaexplores.com/lessons/01-052/9-12_2.pdfBuild A Solar Vehicle - an investigation from NASA Explores, students will design and construct a solar-powered vehicle
http://www.nasaexplorers.com/show_912_teacher_st.php?id=030109141451Photovoltaics in a High Scool Lab - from D.C. Everest Senior High - a student project and report presented as a web site
http://www.botproductions.com/pv/pv.htmlHow Solar Cells Work - from How Stuff Works
http://www.howstuffworks.com/solar-cell.htmPhotovoltaics - from the US Department of Energy
http://www.eere.energy.gov/states/alternatives/Photovoltaics - from NREL, USA
http://www.nrel.gov/learning/re_photovoltaics.htmlEducation Page - from Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, US Department of Energy
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/education/Direct Energy from the Sun - from Teaching Treasures
http://teachingtreasures.com.au/solar-energy/direct_sun.htmIntroduction to photovoltaic (solar cell) systems - from the US National Renewable Energy Laboratory
http://www.nrel.gov/learning/Photovoltaic Rebate Programme guidelines - from Australian Government Greenhouse site
http://www.greenhouse.gov.au/renewable/pv/index.htmlCashback Offer - from Renewable Energy NSW
http://www.seda.nsw.gov.au/ren_cashbackoffer.aspSolar Photovoltaics - from Australian Greenhouse Office Projects and .pdfs
http://www.greenhouse.gov.au/renewable/recp/pv/index.htmlPhotovoltaics - from Australian Renewable Energy web site at Murdoch University
http://acre.murdoch.edu.au/ago/pv/pv.htmlFor Teachers - K-12 lesson plans and resources from Micron
http://www.micron.com/k12/
Planck & Einstein's views on science and society - with multimedia resources from Australian Multimedia for Physics Students, The University of Sydney
Hertz and radio waves
http://www.hscphysics.edu.au/resource/PlanckEinstein.pdfThe photoelectric effectHeinrich Hertz's Wireless Experiment (1887) - from Harvard University
http://people.deas.harvard.edu/~jones/cscie129/nu_lectures/lecture6/hertz/Hertz_exp.htmlThe Discovery of Radio Waves - from Spark Museum
http://www.sparkmuseum.com/HERTZ.HTMHertz’s Experiments and Standing Waves - from KeelyNet
http://www.keelynet.com/spider/b-103e.htmThe Photoelectric Effect - from the University of Virginia
http://www.phys.virginia.edu/classes/252/photoelectric_effect.htmlThe Photoelectric Effect - A Thinkquest
http://library.thinkquest.org/28383/nowe_teksty/htmla/2_8a.html.History Snapshots has a page devoted to the early experiments on the photoelectric effect, and the question of whether it was Hertz or his pupil Hallwachs who discovered the effect, see http://www.acolyte.co.uk/origins/herz.html.
The photoelectric effect - from University of New South Wales
http://www.phys.unsw.edu.au/~jw/FAQ.html#photoelectricThe photoelectric effect - applet showing the effects of light on various metals, from Berea College http://physics.berea.edu/~king/Teaching/ModPhys/QM/Photoelectric/Photoelectric.html
The Photoelectric Effect - an applet from Walter Fendt's Java Applets on Physics
http://www.walter-fendt.de/ph11e/photoeffect.htmHow Breathalyzers Work - including Intoxilyzer (which detects alcohol by infrared (IR) spectroscopy), from How Stuff Works
http://science.howstuffworks.com/breathalyzer4.htmPlanck and black-body radiation
Blackbody radiation - from Hyperphysics
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/mod6.html"Planck and the Quantum of Energy" - long paper which gives a clear explanation of Planck's ideas, from Vigyan Prasar is an autonomous organisation setup by the Government of India's Department of Science and Technology
http://www.vigyanprasar.com/dream/june2001/article-1.htmThe Planck Hypothesis - from HyperPhysics, Georgia State University. Click on Quantum physics link, then Planck Hypothesis
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/hframe.htmlEinstein's explanation of black-body radiation and the photoelectric effect
Diagrams - showing absorption, spontaneous emission, induced emission
http://itl.chem.ufl.edu/4412_aa/Gifs/pc0_08.gifQuantum Physics - from University of Winnepeg
http://theory.uwinnipeg.ca/physics/quant/node1.htmlBlack-body Radiation presentation graphics as .pdf - from Ohio State University
http://www.physics.ohio-state.edu/~durkin/phys113/lect9.pdfPhotoelectric Effect & Blackbody Radiation presentation graphics pdf file -from Brown University
http://gaitskell.brown.edu/courses/PH0008_2002/QuantMech/QuantMech_L02_PhoE_BBody_v7.pdfBlackbody Radiation - from Egglescliffe School. Includes charts of BBR Curves
http://www.egglescliffe.org.uk/physics/astronomy/blackbody/bbody.htmlThe Michelson-Morley Experiment
The Michelson-Morley Experiment - from University of Virginia
The Michelson-Morley Experiment - from Eric Weissten's World of Physics
http://galileoandeinstein.physics.virginia.edu/lectures/michelson.html
http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/physics/Michelson-MorleyExperiment.htmlStudent investigations and experiments
Build your own Solar cell
http://www.chemistry.ucsc.edu/teaching/Winter98/Chem1B/photo/Solar_Kit_Word_6.htmlDiagrams
http://www.chemistry.ucsc.edu/teaching/Winter98/Chem1B/photo/Diagram_Solar.jpgSnO2 coated glass can be salvaged from LCDs See Article
http://www.madehow.com/Volume-1/Liquid-Crystal-Display-LCD.htmlUncertainty and Idealism - useful site for teacher information only and requires some knowledge on the philosophy of Bohr and Einstein, from Reason in Revolt: Marxism and Modern Science
http://www.marxist.com/science/uncertaintyandidealism.htmlMichelson Morley Experiment
http://www.juliantrubin.com/bigten/michelsonmorley.htmlMichelson Morley Applet
http://galileoandeinstein.physics.virginia.edu/more_stuff/flashlets/mmexpt6.htmAlbert Einstein Online - starting site for information on Einstein
http://www.westegg.com/einstein/Java Applets on Semiconductor Physics - applets from Winston Chan's Homepage
http://home3.netcarrier.com/~chan/MATERIAL/
[Back to top of page]Conductivity and Superconductors
Superconductors - Lesson Outline - with multimedia resources from Australian Multimedia for Physics Students, The University of Sydney
http://www.hscphysics.edu.au/resource/Superconductors.pdfSuperconductor Report - from Craville Studies
Crystal structure
http://www.craville.110mb.com/physics/superconductors.htmConduction by electrons in a latticeBragg's Law and Diffraction: How waves reveal the atomic structure of crystals - an applet from Stony Brook University
http://www.eserc.stonybrook.edu/ProjectJava/Bragg/The nature of resistanceSuperconductivity Theory Background: Electron Conduction Transport - from the Chemical Society
http://www.chemsoc.org/exemplarchem/entries/igrant/theory_noflash.htmlElectron Drift - from HyperPhysics, Georgia State University
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/electric/ohmmic.htmlCrystal Lattice Structures Diagrams from US Naval Research Laboratory. Especially see IIIb-VIIb Elements and Compounds
http://cst-www.nrl.navy.mil/lattice/Crystal Structures of Elements - from Molecular Modelling, Lebanon Valley College. Use Chemical Structures link then choose 'Elemental crystal structures standard display'
http://www.molecules.org/Resistance- from Molecular Expressions Web Site
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/electromag/electricity/resistance.htmlIncludes link to
Resistance at the Molecular Level - a Java Applet, from Molecular Modelling
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/electromag/java/filamentresistance/The phenomenon of superconductivity
Current theories of superconductivitySuperconductivity - a WebQuest prepared by UniServe Science
http://science.uniserve.edu.au/school/quests/superwq.htmlTeacher's Guide to Superconductivity for High School Students - from Oak Ridge National Laboratory
http://www.ornl.gov/reports/m/ornlm3063r1/contents.html,Superconductivity Concepts - from HyperPhysics, Georgia State University
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/supcon.html#c1Superconductivity Factsheet - from American Superconductor
http://www.amsuper.com/aboutus/super_fact.cfmA Guide to Superconductivity - from University of Hamburg
http://www.physnet.uni-hamburg.de/home/vms/reimer/htc/contents.htmlSuperconductivity Basics - from American Magnets
http://www.americanmagnetics.com/tutorial/basics.htmlSuperconducting Magnets Get Bigger and Better - a pdf file from American Institute of Physics
http://www.aip.org/tip/INPHFA/vol-8/iss-5/p32.pdfSuperconductors Web site - A Guide for the Beginner
http://superconductors.org/Superconducting magnets: at the heart of NMR - pdf file from Spectroscopy Europe
http://www.spectroscopyeurope.com/NMR_15_1.pdfFundamentals of superconductors - three pages of theory with good illustrations seen through internal links - from an educational web site in Lebanon
http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Sciences/Physics/SolidStatePhysics/Superconductivity/Fundamentals/fundamentals.htmThe uses of superconductorsCharacteristics of Superconducting Magnets - from American Magnets
http://www.americanmagnetics.com/tutorial/charactr.htmlWhat is Superconductivity? - from the Network of Emerging Scientists
http://psyche.uthct.edu/nes/layinfo/supercon.htmlSuperconductivity Examples - from HyperPhysics, Georgia State University -includes 4 examples with resistance/temperature graphs
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/scex.htmlRecent Data and Results - from The Lemberger Superconductivity Laboratory, Ohio State Unversity
http://www.physics.ohio-state.edu/~trl/group/data.htmlSuperconductor Information for the Beginner - maintained by a private individual but it has a particularly comprehensive page devoted to the uses of superconductors
Student investigations and experiments
http://superconductors.org/Uses.htmA Teacher's Guide to Superconductivity for High School Students - contains instructions for dealing with liquid nitrogen, as well as comprehensive lists of the materials needed for various student activities, originates from someone at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, supported by the (US) Department of Energy
http://www.ornl.gov/info/reports/m/ornlm3063r1/contents.htmlThe Meissner effect - instructions for a demonstration, from University of Texas
http://www.ph.utexas.edu/~phy-demo/demo-txt/5g50-50.html.Magnetic levitation - from Science is Fun. A page of links to demonstrations
http://www.geocities.com/Area51/Shire/3075/maglev.html?CFID=2862991&CFTOKEN=42738188A demonstration of magnetic levitation that apparently does not require a superconductor is described at a site maintained by a private individual
http://www.eskimo.com/~billb/maglev/maglev.htmlSQUIDS and Jospehson Devices - from University of Aberdeen
http://www.abdn.ac.uk/physics/case/squids.htmlSQUIDS - from Wikipedia
Superconducting quantum interference devicesApplications of Superconductivity
Technological applications of superconductivity - from Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_applications_of_superconductivityMaglevs - from Oliver Keating
http://www.o-keating.com/hsr/maglev.htmShanghai's flashy new Maglev - from Ron Gluckman - news article
http://www.gluckman.com/Maglev.htmlPrinciple of Maglev - from Japanese Railway Technical Research Institute
http://www.rtri.or.jp/rd/maglev/html/english/maglev_frame_E.htmlHow Maglev Trains Works - from How Stuff Works
http://travel.howstuffworks.com/maglev-train1.htmSafety with Supermagnets: Wear protective goggles as the magnets can attract at high speeds and may shatter
Magnet and Levitation Catalog - from Scitoy USA
https://www.scitoyscatalog.com/Merchant2/merchant.mvc?Screen=CTGY&Store_Code=SC&Category_Code=MHow Electromagnetic Propulsion Will Work - from How Stuff Works
http://science.howstuffworks.com/electromagnetic-propulsion.htmExperiments with magnets and conductors - from Magnetman
http://my.execpc.com/~rhoadley/magsuper.htmThe Behaviour of Superconducting materials
BCS Theory - from HyperPhysics, Georgia State University - a theory of superconductivity developed by Bardeen, Cooper, and Schrieffer in 1957
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/bcs.htmlBCS Theory - from Britannica Nobel Prizes
http://www.britannica.com/nobel/micro/57_65.htmlBCS Theory - from Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BCS_theory
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