8.4 Moving About

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General information	Vehicle speed	External forces on vehicles
Kinetic energy	Changes in momentum	Safety devices

Mechanics - Lesson Outline - with multimedia resources from Australian Multimedia for Physics Students, The University of Sydney
http://www.hscphysics.edu.au/resource/Mechanics%20Lesson%20Outline.pdf

8.4 MOVING ABOUT - course notes from St Francis Xavier's College, Hamilton, NSW
http://webs.mn.catholic.edu.au/physics/emery/links.htm#8.4

8.4 Moving About - from HSC Physics, UNSW
http://www.phys.unsw.edu.au/hsc/hsc/moving.html

Australian Transport Safety Bureau - contains information and statistics
http://www.atsb.gov.au/road/safety.aspx

Multimedia Physics Studio -from Glenbrook High School, USA. The Multimedia Physics Studios consists of a collection of GIF animations and accompanying explanations of major physics concepts. The animations cover common physics principles discussed in a first-year high school physics course. The animation and discussion have been written specifically for high school physics students.
http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/gbssci/Phys/mmedia/index.html

Human Powered Vehicle Association - contains records achieved by humans in motion
http://www.ihpva.org/hpva/hpvarech.html

The Physics of Racing - 26 part series by Brian Beckman including topics such as Speed and Horsepower, Braking, Keeping Your Tyres Stuck to the Ground, available online with some topics available in pdf also
http://phors.locost7.info/contents.htm
also at http://www.miata.net/sport/Physics/

Risk and Reality on the Road - brochure from NRMA in .pdf format
https://www.nrma.com.au/pub/nrma/motor/media/roadrisk.pdf

Aerodynamics in Car Racing - from NASA
http://www.nas.nasa.gov/About/Education/Racecar/aerodynamics.html

The Physics of Motorsport - course notes from the University of Durham
http://www.dur.ac.uk/r.g.bower/PoM/pom/pom.html

How Stuff Works - How does a laser speed gun work to measure a car's speed compared to normal police radar?, from How Stuff Works
http://www.howstuffworks.com/question396.htm

How Radar Works - from How Stuff Works
http://science.howstuffworks.com/radar.htm

Lesson 1: Describing Motion with Words - lesson plans from The Physics Classroom at Glenbrook South High School, other lessons include Describing Motion with Diagrams and Describing Motion with Position vs.Time Graphs
http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/gbssci/phys/Class/1DKin/U1L1a.html

1-Dimensional Kinematics - from Multimedia Physics Studios
http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/gbssci/Phys/mmedia/#kinema

Scalars and Vectors - from University of Guelph
http://www.physics.uoguelph.ca/tutorials/vectors/vectors.html

Online Quiz: Vectors and Scalars
http://www.s-cool.co.uk/topic_principles.asp?subject_id=68&Topic_ID=22&loc=pr

Learning about Properties of Vectors and Vector Sums Using Dynamic Software: Components of a Vector - a Java applet from the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, may not work on Macintosh
http://standards.nctm.org/document/eexamples/chap7/7.1/index.htm

Learning about Properties of Vectors and Vector Sums Using Dynamic Software: Sums of Vectors and Their Properties - Java applet from the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, may not work on Macintosh
http://standards.nctm.org/document/eexamples/chap7/7.1/part2.htm

Fatal impact - the physics of speeding cars - from NOVA, The Australian Academy of Science
http://www.science.org.au/nova/058/058key.htm

Speed & Acceleration - an applet from W. Fendt showing the motion of a car which is being driven along a straight road
http://www.walter-fendt.de/ph14e/acceleration.htm

3D Driver - an interactive game that simulates a car which is controlled using the keyboard, could be used to reinforce forces on a moving vehicle. Needs Java.
http://woodlands-junior.kent.sch.uk/games/lengame/3ddriver.html

Kinematics of Driving: Some "Real" Traffic Considerations - from DC Physics
http://www.dctech.com/physics/features/0700.php

Traffic Light System - a Java applet that allows you to investigate the effect of traffic lights on velocity and traffic flow, from National Taiwan Normal University
http://www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/java/trafficControl/trafficControl.html

Reaction Time Java Applet - a Java applet that explores reaction time and stopping distance, from National Taiwan Normal University
http://www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/java/Reaction/reactionTime.html

2D Collision - a Java applet that investigates vectars and momentum
http://www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/~hwang/collision2D/collision2D.html

Newtonian Physics

Newton's Laws - from the Physics Classroom
http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/gbssci/phys/Class/newtlaws/newtltoc.html

Newtonian Mechanics - from Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA
http://www-istp.gsfc.nasa.gov/stargaze/Sintro.htm#q3

Isaac Newton's laws of Motion - from Ed Zobel, Zona Land website
http://id.mind.net/~zona/mstm/physics/mechanics/forces/newton/newton.html

Accident Reconstruction Equation Reference - from Accident Reconstruction Network
http://www.accidentreconstruction.com/education/equations.asp

Publications - from Accident Research Centre at Monash University
http://www.monash.edu.au/muarc/reports/rpts94.html

Speeding - Research - from SpeedImpact.org
http://raru.adelaide.edu.au/speed/

Stopping Distance - from Safe Driver Training
http://www.sdt.com.au/safedrive-directory-STOPPINGDISTANCE.htm

Multimedia Physics Studios - The Truck and Ladder
http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/gbssci/phys/mmedia/newtlaws/il.html

Coming Unglued - includes discussion of road camber
http://www.soundrider.com/archive/safety-skills/coming_unglued.htm

Work, Power, & Energy Lessons - from ICSD Physical Science Zone
http://www.sciencejoywagon.com/physicszone/lesson/05work.htm

Kinetic Energy Lessons - from the Physics Classroom
http://www2.glenbrook.k12.il.us/gbssci/phys/Class/energy/u5l1c.html

Energy Concept Map
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/enecon.html

Momentum and Collisions - from The Multimedia Physics Studio
http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/gbssci/Phys/mmedia/index.html#momentum

Lessons on Momentum - excellent collection of resources from The Physics Zone, including links to other useful resources in particular Applets and Shockwave interactives
http://www.sciencejoywagon.com/physicszone/lesson/06moment.htm

ENERGY, MOMENTUM AND DRIVING - from Prentice Hall Publishers
http://cwx.prenhall.com/bookbind/pubbooks/giancoli3/chapter9/essay2/deluxe-content.html

Forces in Car Crashes - from HyperPhysics at Georgia State University
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/carcr.html

Interactives

Reaction time and car accident - a Java Applet that lets you explore variables and reaction time on collisions, from National Taiwan Normal University. Registration required.
http://www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/java/carDistance/carAccident.html

Colliding Cars - from Annenberg/CPB and Learning.org
http://www.learner.org/exhibits/parkphysics/bumpercars/

Billiards - a Java applet to explore collisions
http://www.msu.edu/user/brechtjo/physics/airTable/airTable.html

Linear Momentum and Collisions - with links to interactive applets for exploring momentum and collisions, may not work on Macintosh, from M. Casco Associates publishers
http://www.mcasco.com/p1lmc.html

Elastic Collisions - Java applet - Walter Fendt
http://www.walter-fendt.de/ph11e/collision.htm

Two-dimensional Collisions - a Fowler's physics applet
http://galileo.phys.virginia.edu/classes/109N/more_stuff/Applets/Collision/applet.html

Conservation of Momentum: Inelastic Collisions - interactive, requires Shockwave
http://physics.weber.edu/amiri/director/dcrfiles/momentum/carCrashS.dcr

Death-defying designs for car safety - from NOVA, Australian Academy of Science
http://www.science.org.au/nova/057/057key.htm

How NASCAR Safety Works - from How Stuff Works
http://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/nascar-safety.htm

Forces, Accelerations, & Car Accidents - from Oswego City School District Regents Exam Prep, a series of QuickTime video clips and explanations of the physics of the crash
http://regentsprep.org/Regents/physics/phys01/accident/

Escape through Time - includes Safety belts, air bag and crumple zones from NOVA Online, PBS
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/escape/timecar.html

Travelling Speed and the Risk of Crash Involvement - NHMRC Road Accident Research Unit
http://raru.adelaide.edu.au/speed/

DOES THE CRASH RATE REALLY DOUBLE FOR EACH 5 KM/H ABOVE 60 KM/H - peer review of the above report, from Queensland Department of Transport
http://www.transport.qld.gov.au/qt/driver.nsf/b61987be056b4fd94a2566fd0020418f/2e8a2445997http://www.rsconference.com/roadsafety/detail/265?check=1

Accident reconstruction glossary - from The Accident Reconstruction Network
http://www.accidentreconstruction.com/education/glossary.asp

Vehicle Design & Research Australia - Road Safety reports in particular "Devices to help drivers control their speed" and "Passenger Car Roof Crush Strength Requirements" (Physics of rollover crashes)
http://www1.tpgi.com.au/users/mpaine/vdr.html

Severe and Fatal Car Crashes Due to Roadside Hazards - from the Road Accident Research Unit, The Uiversity of Adelaide
http://www.raru.adelaide.edu.au/hazards/

Nova Online - Safety features of cars, from PBS Online
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/escape/timecar.html

Devices to help drivers control their speed - from Vehicle Design & Research - Australia
http://www1.tpgi.com.au/users/mpaine/speed.html

Costs of Four Wheel Drive Ownership and Safety - from Vehicle Design & Research - Australia
http://www1.tpgi.com.au/users/mpaine/4wd.html

Physics of Rollover Crashes - from Vehicle Design & Research - Australia
http://www1.tpgi.com.au/users/mpaine/rollover.html

Lesson 1: The Impulse-Momentum Change Theorem - from The Physics Classroom
http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/gbssci/phys/Class/momentum/u4l1a.html

Momentum Notes: Overview - from Physics at Batesville High School
http://www.batesville.k12.in.us/physics/PhyNet/Mechanics/Momentum/MomentIntro.html

How Seat belts Work - from How Stuff Works
http://auto.howstuffworks.com/seatbelt.htm

How Child Car Seats Work - from How Stuff Works
http://auto.howstuffworks.com/child-car-seat.htm

Seat Belts - from Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_belt#Mechanism

264 Wearing of seatbelts by drivers - regulations from RTA NSW
http://www.rta.nsw.gov.au/trafficinformation/downloads/p16.pdf

SCHOOL BUS SEAT BELTS: THEIR FITMENT, EFFECTIVENESS AND COST - a report prepared for the Bus Safety Advisory Committee New South Wales Department of Transport
http://www1.tpgi.com.au/users/mpaine/busbelt.html

The Science of Seat Belts - from Drive web page of Progressive Insurance
https://onlineservice1.driveinsurance.com/interact-cgi/rc/dsafe/rc_belt_science.asp

Why Safety Belts? - from the National Safety Belt Coalition
http://www2.nsc.org/traf/sbc.htm

Seatbelt Physics - from HyperPhysics, Georgia State University
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/seatb.html

How NASCAR Safety Works: The Helmet - from How Stuff Works
http://auto.howstuffworks.com/nascar-safety6.htm

How a Bicycle Helmet Works - from Blog of an engineer and cyclist
http://cozybeehive.blogspot.com/2008/03/how-bicycle-helmet-works.html

How Air Bags Work - from How Stuff Works
http://auto.howstuffworks.com/airbag4.htm

Air Bags - from Australian Government
http://www.infrastructure.gov.au/roads/safety/vehicle/airbags/

Curtain Airbags - from Vehicle Design & Research - Australia
http://www1.tpgi.com.au/users/mpaine/curtain.html

Air Bag Safety - from Transport Canada
http://www.tc.gc.ca/roadsafety/absg/absg_e.htm

Airbag hazards Pro and Con - from Icarumba, a commercial site
Pro and Con

Air Bags - from Internet on-ramp for K-12 school Web pages in Newfoundland and Labrador. http://www.k12.nf.ca/gc/Science/Physics3204/Projects2003/SlotA/ProjectA2/airbags%20link2.htm

How Anti-Lock Brakes Work - from How Stuff Works
http://www.howstuffworks.com/anti-lock-brake.htm

How Antilock Brake Systems Work - from About.com
http://autorepair.about.com/cs/generalinfo/a/aa052001a.htm

Crash - interactive modules and worksheets illustrating a crash into wall, head-on crash and shunt with and without crumple zone, from MaterialWorlds: Real-Time Life Simulations, requires MaterialWorlds software which can be downloaded free for trial period. Internet Explorer needed.
http://www.materialworlds.com/sims/Crash/

Soft Walls or Soft Cars? - from AutoRacing.com
http://www.autoracing1.com/MarkC/2001/0226CrumpleZones.htm

Crumple Zones - from Internet on-ramp for K-12 school Web pages in Newfoundland and Labrador. http://www.k12.nf.ca/gc/Science/Physics3204/Projects2003/SlotA/ProjectA2/link20.htm

About ANCAP crash tests - from NRMA
Ancap Crash tests

Find a crash test - from NRMA. Scroll down to find data entry boxes
Results of tests on many makes of cars

E-Class (W210) crash tests - graphics of various crash test of the E-Class Mercedes and other vehicles, from a Mercedes enthusiast's web page
http://www.whnet.com/4x4/W210_crashtest.html

Crash test Dummies - from Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crash_test_dummy

Crash test Dummy - iamge from The International Society of Biomechanics
Image

Intellectual Dummies - from NASA
http://www.sti.nasa.gov/tto/spinoff2002/t_2.html

MEET 50th PERCENTILE HYBRID III. - from Denton Company
http://www.dentonatd.com/dentonatd/pdf/FAAHIII50MA.PDF

Traffic Calming Measures - from Traffic Calming ... for Communities including Speed Hump and Neighborhood Traffic Circle
http://www.ite.org/traffic/tcdevices.htm

Reclaiming the Streets: Traffic Calming - from Transportation Alternatives
http://www.transalt.org/campaigns/reclaiming/trafficcalming.html

Traffic Calming - from TrafficCalming.org
http://www.trafficcalming.org/

Cycling and traffic calming - from Queensland Transport
pdf file

Rocky road ahead for speed humps - from Fairfax Digital
http://www.drive.com.au/Editorial/ArticleDetail.aspx?articleID=4598

Speed limit to hit 80kmh on main roads - from The Sydney Morning Herald, March 17, 2005
Article

Traffic Standards Branch TECHNICAL ADVICE SHEET No 6
60 km/h SPEED LIMITS IN BUILT UP AREAS - from Tasmanian Government
Urban Speed limits

Student Activity

SCIENCE 911: Car Crash Testing - from PBS, USA. In this segment, engineers and dummies collaborate in a series of tests designed to simulate what really happens in a two-car collision.
http://www.pbs.org/safarchive/4_class/45_pguides/pguide_404/4544_crash.html

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